Pelham William E, Murphy Debra A, Vannatta Kathryn, Milich Richard, Licht Barbara G, Gnagy Elizabeth M, Greenslade Karen E, Greiner Andrew R, Vodde-Hamilton Mary
U Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Inst & Clinic, PA.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 1992 Apr;60(2):282-292. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.60.2.282.
In Experiment 1, 28 attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) boys underwent a double-blind, placebo-controlled medication assessment in a summer day-treatment program. Daily, boys were asked questions to assess their attributions for and evaluations of their behavior. Objective measures showed improved behavior with methylphenidate; however, boys tended to attribute their performance to effort rather than to medication, particularly when medicated. Experiment 2 involved 38 ADHD boys the following summer and replicated the procedures in Experiment 1, with the addition of a no-pill condition and a comparison of attributions for success and failure outcomes. Simply taking a pill (no-pill vs. placebo comparison) did not show significant effects, whereas the results of Experiment 1 were replicated with placebo-methylphenidate comparisons. Across drug conditions a self-enhancing attributional pattern was obtained; the majority of attributions for success were to ability or effort, whereas attributions for failure were to the pill or to counselors.
在实验1中，28名患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的男孩在一个夏季日间治疗项目中接受了双盲、安慰剂对照的药物评估。每天，男孩们都会被问到一些问题，以评估他们对自己行为的归因和评价。客观测量结果显示，服用哌甲酯后行为有所改善；然而，男孩们倾向于将自己的表现归因于努力而非药物，尤其是在服药时。实验2在接下来的夏天对38名患有ADHD的男孩进行了研究，重复了实验1的程序，并增加了无药丸条件以及对成功和失败结果归因的比较。仅仅服用药丸（无药丸与安慰剂比较）并没有显示出显著效果，而安慰剂 - 哌甲酯比较重复了实验1的结果。在所有药物条件下，都获得了一种自我增强的归因模式；大多数成功的归因是能力或努力，而失败的归因是药丸或辅导员。
