双重任务情境下的并行记忆检索：II. 情景记忆

Parallel memory retrieval in dual-task situations: II. Episodic memory.

作者信息

Logan G D, Delheimer J A

机构信息

Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, USA.

出版信息

J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2001 May;27(3):668-85.

PMID:11394673

Abstract

Three experiments asked whether subjects could retrieve information from a 2nd stimulus while they retrieved information from a 1st stimulus. Subjects performed recognition judgments on each of 2 words that followed each other by 0, 250, and 1,000 ms (Experiment 1) or 0 and 300 ms (Experiments 2 and 3). In each experiment, reaction time to both stimuli was faster when the 2 stimuli were both targets (on the study list) or both lures (not on the study list) than when 1 was a target and the other was a lure. Each experiment found priming from the 2nd stimulus to the 1st when both stimuli were targets. Reaction time to the 1st stimulus was faster when the 2 targets came from the same memory structure at study (columns in Experiment 1; pairs in Experiment 2; sentences in Experiment 3) than when they came from different structures. This priming is inconsistent with discrete serial retrieval and consistent with parallel retrieval.

摘要

三项实验探究了被试在从第一个刺激中提取信息时，是否能够从第二个刺激中提取信息。被试对两个相继出现的单词进行识别判断，相继时间间隔分别为0、250和1000毫秒（实验1）或0和300毫秒（实验2和3）。在每个实验中，当两个刺激都是目标（在学习列表上）或都是诱饵（不在学习列表上）时，对两个刺激的反应时间比一个是目标而另一个是诱饵时更快。每个实验都发现，当两个刺激都是目标时，存在从第二个刺激到第一个刺激的启动效应。当两个目标在学习时来自相同的记忆结构（实验1中的列；实验2中的对；实验3中的句子）时，对第一个刺激的反应时间比它们来自不同结构时更快。这种启动效应与离散序列提取不一致，而与并行提取一致。