Poling K R, Fraser E J, Sorensen P W
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Avenue, 200 Hodson Hall, 55108, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2001 Jun;129(2-3):645-51. doi: 10.1016/s1096-4959(01)00361-x.
The goldfish sex pheromone system is the best understood among the teleost fishes. Pheromones in this species are unspecialized hormonal products, which are released in ratios that vary with reproductive status. This study examined behavioral responses of male goldfish to three steroidal components of the female preovulatory pheromone: 17,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (1720betaP); 17,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one-20-sulfate (1720betaP-S); and androstenedione (AD). Males were observed during exposure to nanomolar concentrations of each steroid over a 2-h period. We observed chasing, nudging (courtship behaviors) and pushing (an aggressive behavior). Each steroid elicited a different set of behaviors. 1720betaP, which is released by ovulatory females, elicited a low level of chasing and nudging that persisted throughout the experiment. Exposure to 1720betaP-S, which is released primarily by ovulatory females, triggered a large increase in nudging and chasing that lasted for only 5 min. In contrast, AD, which is released by females early in the ovulatory cycle and by mature males, elicited increases in aggressive behavior. 1720betaP and 1720betaP-S both caused increases in GtH-II release while AD did not. These results demonstrate that goldfish can discriminate components found in the female pheromone blend, suggesting that goldfish, and likely other fish species, may employ blends of hormonal products as pheromones.
金鱼的性信息素系统是硬骨鱼中研究得最为透彻的。该物种的信息素是未分化的激素产物，其释放比例会随生殖状态而变化。本研究检测了雄性金鱼对雌性排卵前信息素的三种甾体成分的行为反应：17,20β - 二羟基 - 4 - 孕烯 - 3 - 酮（1720βP）；17,20β - 二羟基 - 4 - 孕烯 - 3 - 酮 - 20 - 硫酸盐（1720βP - S）；以及雄烯二酮（AD）。在2小时内，观察雄性金鱼暴露于纳摩尔浓度的每种甾体时的情况。我们观察到追逐、轻推（求偶行为）和推挤（攻击行为）。每种甾体引发了不同的行为模式。排卵雌性释放的1720βP引发了低水平的追逐和轻推，且在整个实验过程中持续存在。暴露于主要由排卵雌性释放的1720βP - S，引发了轻推和追逐的大幅增加，但仅持续了5分钟。相比之下，排卵周期早期的雌性和成熟雄性释放的AD引发了攻击行为的增加。1720βP和1720βP - S都导致促性腺激素II（GtH - II）释放增加，而AD则没有。这些结果表明，金鱼能够区分雌性信息素混合物中的成分，这表明金鱼以及可能其他鱼类物种，可能会利用激素产物的混合物作为信息素。
