Raupach M R, Briggs P R, Ahmad N, Edge V E
CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, Australia.
J Environ Qual. 2001 May-Jun;30(3):729-40. doi: 10.2134/jeq2001.303729x.
Endosulfan (C9H6O3Cl6S; 6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin 3-oxide) and other agricultural chemicals can be transported from farms to rivers by several airborne pathways including spray drift and vapor transport. This paper describes a modeling framework for quantifying both of these airborne pathways, consisting of components describing the source, dispersion, and deposition phases of each pathway. Throughout, the framework uses economical descriptions consistent with the need to capture the major physical processes. The dispersion of spray and vapor is described by similarity and mass-conservation principles approximated by Gaussian solutions. Deposition of particles to vegetation is described by a single-layer model incorporating contributions from settling, impaction, and Brownian diffusion. Vapor deposition to water surfaces is described by a simple kinetic formulation dependent on an exchange velocity. All model components are tested against available field and laboratory data. The models, and the measurements used for comparisons, both demonstrate that spray drift and vapor transport are significant pathways. The broader context, described in another paper, is an integrative assessment of all transport pathways (both airborne and waterborne) contributing to endosulfan transport from farms to rivers.
硫丹（C9H6O3Cl6S；6,7,8,9,10,10 - 六氯 - 1,5,5a,6,9,9a - 六氢 - 6,9 - 亚甲基 - 2,4,3 - 苯并二氧硫杂环庚烷3 - 氧化物）及其他农用化学品可通过多种大气传输途径从农场传输至河流，这些途径包括喷雾漂移和气相传输。本文描述了一个用于量化这两种大气传输途径的建模框架，该框架由描述每种途径的源、扩散和沉降阶段的组件组成。在整个过程中，该框架使用与捕捉主要物理过程的需求相一致的经济描述。喷雾和气相的扩散通过高斯解近似的相似性和质量守恒原理来描述。颗粒在植被上的沉降通过一个包含沉降、撞击和布朗扩散贡献的单层模型来描述。气相在水面上的沉降通过一个依赖于交换速度的简单动力学公式来描述。所有模型组件都根据现有的现场和实验室数据进行了测试。这些模型以及用于比较的测量结果均表明，喷雾漂移和气相传输是重要的传输途径。另一篇论文中描述的更广泛背景是对所有导致硫丹从农场传输至河流的传输途径（包括大气传输和水体传输）的综合评估。
