Suppr超能文献

视觉和嗅觉香烟烟雾刺激的主观及强化效应中的性别差异。

Sex differences in the subjective and reinforcing effects of visual and olfactory cigarette smoke stimuli.

作者信息

Perkins K A, Gerlach D, Vender J, Grobe J, Meeker J, Hutchison S

机构信息

Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. perkinskamsx.upmc.edu

出版信息

Nicotine Tob Res. 2001 May;3(2):141-50. doi: 10.1080/14622200110043059.

Abstract

Although nicotine intake clearly reinforces cigarette smoking behavior, non-nicotine smoke stimuli may become conditioned reinforcers of smoking. In Study 1, we compared the acute subjective and reinforcing effects of cigarette smoking in men and women under two conditions: blockade of visual and olfactory/taste smoke stimuli vs. no blockade. Subjective hedonic ratings of 'like puffs' and 'satisfying', but not 'strength', 'high in nicotine', or CO boost, were significantly reduced under the blockade vs. no blockade conditions. During subsequent ad lib puffing, significantly fewer puffs were self-administered under the blockade condition, particularly among women. In Study 2, we examined the influences of these stimuli separately and found that olfactory/taste stimuli, but not visual stimuli, reduced hedonic ratings and puff self-administration in women but not in men. In Study 3, procedures similar to those in Study 1 were used to examine whether this sex difference in responses to conditioned stimuli generalizes to a non-drug consummatory behavior, eating (pizza). However, hedonic ratings and ad lib consumption of pizza were substantially reduced in both men and women following blockade of visual and olfactory/taste food stimuli. These results indicate that the presumably conditioned stimuli of olfactory/taste from cigarette smoke may influence subjective hedonic ratings and reinforcement from smoking more in women than in men. However, this sex difference may not generalize beyond smoking or other drug reinforcement.

摘要

尽管尼古丁摄入显然强化了吸烟行为,但非尼古丁烟雾刺激可能会成为吸烟的条件性强化物。在研究1中,我们比较了在两种条件下男性和女性吸烟的急性主观和强化效应:视觉和嗅觉/味觉烟雾刺激被阻断与未被阻断的情况。在刺激被阻断与未被阻断的条件下,“喜欢抽吸”和“令人满足”的主观享乐评分显著降低,但“强度”、“高尼古丁”或一氧化碳增强的评分未降低。在随后的随意抽吸过程中,在刺激被阻断的条件下自我抽吸的次数显著减少,尤其是在女性中。在研究2中,我们分别研究了这些刺激的影响,发现嗅觉/味觉刺激而非视觉刺激降低了女性的享乐评分和抽吸自我给药量,但对男性没有影响。在研究3中,我们采用了与研究1类似的程序,以检验这种对条件刺激反应的性别差异是否会推广到非药物性的消费行为——进食(披萨)上。然而,在视觉和嗅觉/味觉食物刺激被阻断后,男性和女性对披萨的享乐评分和随意消费量都大幅降低。这些结果表明香烟烟雾中可能的嗅觉/味觉条件刺激对女性吸烟主观享乐评分和强化的影响可能大于男性。然而,这种性别差异可能不会推广到吸烟或其他药物强化之外的情况。

文献AI研究员

20分钟写一篇综述,助力文献阅读效率提升50倍。

立即体验

用中文搜PubMed

大模型驱动的PubMed中文搜索引擎

马上搜索

文档翻译

学术文献翻译模型,支持多种主流文档格式。

立即体验