Sadhra S, Beach J R, Aw T C, Sheikh-Ahmed K
Institute of Occupational Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2 TT, UK.
Occup Environ Med. 2001 Jul;58(7):426-31. doi: 10.1136/oem.58.7.426.
As part of a consultancy project on occupational health, the Delphi method was used to identify research priorities in occupational health in Malaysia.
Participation was sought from government ministries, industry, and professional organisations, and university departments with an interest in occupational and public health. Two rounds of questionnaires resulted in a final list of priorities, with noticeable differences between participants depending on whether they worked in industry or were from government organisations.
The participation rate of 71% (55 of 78) was obtained for the first questionnaire and 76% (72 of 95) for the second questionnaire. The participants identified occupational health problems for specific groups and industries as the top research priority area (ranked as top priority by 25% of participants). Ministry of Health participants placed emphasis on healthcare workers (52% ranking it as top priority), whereas those from industry identified construction and plantation workers as groups, which should be accorded the highest priority. Evaluation of research and services was given a low priority.
The priorities for occupational health determined with the Delphi approach showed differences between Malaysia, a developing country, and findings from similar European studies. This may be expected, as differences exist in stages of economic development, types of industries, occupational activities, and cultural attitudes to occupational health and safety. Chemical poisonings and workplace accidents were accorded a high priority. By contrast with findings from western countries, workplace psychosocial problems and musculoskeletal injuries were deemed less important. There also seemed to be greater emphasis on adopting interventions for identified problems based on experience in other countries rather than the need to evaluate local occupational health provisions.
作为一项职业健康咨询项目的一部分，采用德尔菲法确定马来西亚职业健康方面的研究重点。
邀请了政府部门、行业、专业组织以及对职业健康和公共卫生感兴趣的大学部门参与。两轮问卷调查得出了最终的重点清单，参与者之间存在显著差异，这取决于他们是在行业工作还是来自政府组织。
第一轮问卷的参与率为71%（78人中55人），第二轮问卷的参与率为76%（95人中72人）。参与者将特定群体和行业的职业健康问题确定为首要研究重点领域（25%的参与者将其列为首要重点）。卫生部的参与者强调医护人员（52%将其列为首要重点），而来自行业的参与者则将建筑工人和种植园工人确定为应给予最高优先级的群体。对研究和服务的评估被列为低优先级。
采用德尔菲法确定的职业健康重点在发展中国家马来西亚与欧洲类似研究的结果之间存在差异。这是可以预料的，因为在经济发展阶段、行业类型、职业活动以及对职业健康和安全的文化态度方面存在差异。化学中毒和工作场所事故被列为高优先级。与西方国家的研究结果相比，工作场所心理社会问题和肌肉骨骼损伤被认为不太重要。此外，似乎更强调根据其他国家的经验对已确定的问题采取干预措施，而不是评估当地的职业健康规定。
