Ben-Ami S, Shaham J, Rabin S, Melzer A, Ribak J
Department of Planning and Development in Nursing, General Health Insurance, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Cancer Nurs. 2001 Jun;24(3):192-200.
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and health beliefs on their behavior and their actual usage of safety measures while handling cytotoxic drugs in their daily work surroundings. The Health Belief Model (HBM) and its extensive form, the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), were used as the theoretical frameworks. Sixty-one nurses participated in the study, 31 hospital-based nurses daily exposed to cytotoxic drugs for the last 5 years, and 30 non-exposed community nurses. An occupational questionnaire was used to test the nurses' actual safe behavior and compliance with the recommended guidelines. A randomly selected group of exposed nurses were observed to validate their compliant behavior. A gap was found between the nurses' knowledge and their actual behavior concerning the potential risks of cytotoxic drugs and their use of protective measures (p < .005). Significant correlations were found among the components of the extensive HBM (perceived susceptibility, barriers, benefits and self-efficacy). The observational findings supported the above results. The study's findings support the need to promote primary prevention by providing a safe environment for the employee by means of education, training with regard to safety measures, clear policy, written guidelines and their enforcement.
本研究的目的是考察护士的知识、态度和健康信念对其行为的影响，以及在日常工作环境中处理细胞毒性药物时他们对安全措施的实际使用情况。健康信念模型（HBM）及其扩展形式——保护动机理论（PMT），被用作理论框架。61名护士参与了该研究，其中31名是过去5年每天接触细胞毒性药物的医院护士，30名是未接触过的社区护士。使用一份职业问卷来测试护士的实际安全行为以及他们对推荐指南的遵守情况。随机选择一组接触过细胞毒性药物的护士进行观察，以验证他们的合规行为。在护士关于细胞毒性药物潜在风险的知识与他们的实际行为以及防护措施的使用之间发现了差距（p < .005）。在扩展的健康信念模型的各个组成部分（感知易感性、障碍、益处和自我效能感）之间发现了显著的相关性。观察结果支持了上述结果。该研究结果支持通过教育、安全措施培训、明确的政策、书面指南及其执行，为员工提供安全环境来促进一级预防的必要性。
