Meyer D, Thomson G
Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA.
Ann Hum Genet. 2001 Jan;65(Pt 1):1-26. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-1809.2001.6510001.x.
The nature of polymorphism and molecular sequence variation in the genes of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) provides strong support for the idea that these genes are under selection. With the understanding that selection shapes MHC variation new questions have become the focus of study. What is the mode of selection that accounts for MHC polymorphism? Is variation maintained by pathogen pressure or by reproductive mechanisms? Discerning between these requires drawing on information from studies on association between HLA genes and infectious diseases, reproductive success and mating preferences relative to HLA genotypes, and theoretical studies that compare the outcomes of different selection regimes. The pattern that has emerged suggests that several types of selection are plausible for the maintenance of HLA polymorphism.
人类主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）基因中的多态性和分子序列变异的本质，为这些基因正受到选择这一观点提供了有力支持。随着认识到选择塑造了MHC变异，新的问题已成为研究焦点。导致MHC多态性的选择模式是什么？变异是由病原体压力还是生殖机制维持的？区分这两者需要借鉴关于HLA基因与传染病之间关联、相对于HLA基因型的生殖成功率和交配偏好的研究信息，以及比较不同选择机制结果的理论研究。已出现的模式表明，几种类型的选择对于维持HLA多态性似乎是合理的。
