McGuffin P, Farmer A
Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, United Kingdom.
Am J Med Genet. 2001 Jan 8;105(1):39-41.
Modern explicit diagnostic criteria have greatly improved the reliability of diagnosis in genetic and other types of psychiatric research. However, there are several sets of different diagnostic criteria that can be used, particularly in the case of studies focusing on the major psychoses. These different criteria do not always agree well with each other and there is a further difficulty that reliability does not necessarily ensure validity. A polydiagnostic approach is advocated whereby research data are collected in such a way as to allow the application of competing definitions of disorder. This is accomplished in the OPCRIT system by "decomposing" diagnostic criteria into their component items. These can then be reassembled using algorithms based on the original criteria or used to generate novel categories or dimensions. This is necessary if psychiatric diagnoses are ultimately going to be refined and validated against biological criteria.
现代明确的诊断标准极大地提高了基因及其他类型精神疾病研究中诊断的可靠性。然而，存在几套不同的诊断标准可供使用，特别是在专注于主要精神病性障碍的研究中。这些不同的标准彼此之间并不总是完全一致，而且还有一个进一步的难题，即可靠性并不一定能确保有效性。提倡采用多诊断方法，即通过以一种允许应用相互竞争的疾病定义的方式来收集研究数据。在OPCRIT系统中，这是通过将诊断标准“分解”为其组成项目来实现的。然后可以使用基于原始标准的算法将这些项目重新组合，或者用于生成新的类别或维度。如果精神疾病诊断最终要根据生物学标准进行完善和验证，这是必要的。
