Berner P, Katschnig H, Lenz G
Acta Psychiatr Belg. 1983 May-Jun;83(3):181-96.
While distinguishing three successive steps in the making of a diagnosis, the authors point out the premises of modern semiology. They refer to the work of K. Schneider (pragmatic approach), Jaspers, Bleuler and Janzarik (approach based on theoretical concepts), Kasanin and finally Langfeldt (empirical approach). Current approaches of semiology try to define diagnostic criteria. In that line of thinking, the school of Vienna, while establishing the insufficiency of all systems, proposes the adoption of a polydiagnostic approach that would eventually define consistent semiologies that refer with certainty to real nosological entities.
在区分诊断过程中的三个连续步骤时，作者指出了现代症状学的前提。他们提及了K. 施奈德的著作（实用主义方法）、雅斯贝尔斯、布鲁勒和扬扎里克的著作（基于理论概念的方法）、卡萨宁的著作，最后还有朗费尔特的著作（实证方法）。当前的症状学方法试图定义诊断标准。按照这种思路，维也纳学派在认定所有体系均存在不足的同时，提议采用一种多诊断方法，该方法最终将定义出与真实疾病实体有明确关联的一致症状学。
