Thompson P D, Crouse S F, Goodpaster B, Kelley D, Moyna N, Pescatello L
Preventive Cardiology, Division of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT 06102, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 Jun;33(6 Suppl):S438-45; discussion S452-3. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200106001-00012.
There is strong and consistent evidence that a single exercise session can acutely reduce triglycerides and increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C), reduce blood pressure, and improve insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. Such observations suggest that at least some of the effects on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors attributed to exercise training may be the result of recent exercise.
These acute and chronic exercise effects cannot be considered in isolation. Exercise training increases the capacity for exercise, thereby permitting more vigorous and/or more prolonged individual exercise sessions and a more significant acute effect. The intensity, duration, and energy expenditure required to produce these acute exercise effects are not clearly defined. The acute effect of exercise on triglycerides and HDL-C appears to increase with overall energy expenditure possibly because the effect maybe mediated by reductions in intramuscular triglycerides. Prolonged exercise appears necessary for an acute effect of exercise on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. The acute effect of exercise on blood pressure is a low threshold phenomenon and has been observed after energy expenditures requiring only 40% maximal capacity. The acute effect of exercise on glucose metabolism appears to require exercise near 70% maximal, but this issue has not been carefully examined.
Exercise has definite acute effects on blood lipids, blood pressure, and glucose homeostasis. Exercise also has acute effects on other factors related to atherosclerosis such as immunological function, vascular reactivity, and hemostasis. Considerable additional research is required to define the threshold of exercise required to produce these putatively beneficial effects.
有充分且一致的证据表明，单次运动可迅速降低甘油三酯水平，提高高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇（HDL-C）水平，降低血压，并改善胰岛素敏感性和葡萄糖稳态。这些观察结果表明，运动训练对动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（ASCVD）危险因素的至少部分影响可能是近期运动的结果。
这些急性和慢性运动效应不能孤立看待。运动训练可提高运动能力，从而允许进行更剧烈和/或更长时间的个体运动，并产生更显著的急性效应。产生这些急性运动效应所需的强度、持续时间和能量消耗尚未明确界定。运动对甘油三酯和HDL-C的急性效应似乎随总体能量消耗增加，这可能是因为该效应可能由肌肉内甘油三酯的减少介导。运动对低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇（LDL-C）水平产生急性效应似乎需要长时间运动。运动对血压的急性效应是一种低阈值现象，在仅需40%最大能力的能量消耗后即可观察到。运动对葡萄糖代谢的急性效应似乎需要接近70%最大能力的运动，但这一问题尚未得到仔细研究。
运动对血脂、血压和葡萄糖稳态有明确的急性效应。运动对与动脉粥样硬化相关的其他因素，如免疫功能、血管反应性和止血，也有急性效应。需要进行大量额外研究来确定产生这些假定有益效应所需的运动阈值。
