Gibert P, Moreteau B, Pétavy G, Karan D, David J R
Laboratoire Populations, Génétique et Evolution, CNRS, Gif sur Yvette, France.
Evolution. 2001 May;55(5):1063-8. doi: 10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[1063:cctamc]2.0.co;2.
Most drosophilid species can be classified either as temperate or tropical. Adults of species were submitted to a cold treatment (0 degrees C) and then brought back to ambient temperature. They generally exhibited a chill coma and the time needed to recover was measured. We found in a set of 26 temperate species that recovery was rapid (average 1.8 min, range 0.15-4.9). In contrast, a long recovery time (average 56 min, range 24-120) was observed for 48 tropical species. A few species, like Drosophila melanogaster, are cosmopolitan and can proliferate under temperate and tropical climates. In 9 of 10 such species, slight genetic differences were found: a shorter recovery in temperate than in tropical populations. Comparing physiological data to phylogeny suggests that chill-coma tolerance has been a recurrent adaptation that is selected for in cold climates but tends to disappear under a permanently warm environment. This major climatic adaptation, evidenced in drosophilids, seems to occur in other insect groups also.
大多数果蝇物种可分为温带或热带物种。将物种的成虫进行冷处理（0摄氏度），然后恢复到环境温度。它们通常会出现冷昏迷，并测量恢复所需的时间。我们在一组26个温带物种中发现恢复很快（平均1.8分钟，范围0.15 - 4.9分钟）。相比之下，48个热带物种的恢复时间很长（平均56分钟，范围24 - 120分钟）。一些物种，如黑腹果蝇，是世界性的，可以在温带和热带气候下繁殖。在10个这样的物种中有9个发现了轻微的遗传差异：温带种群的恢复时间比热带种群短。将生理数据与系统发育进行比较表明，冷昏迷耐受性是一种反复出现的适应性特征，在寒冷气候中被选择，但在永久温暖的环境下往往会消失。这种在果蝇中得到证明的主要气候适应性似乎在其他昆虫群体中也会出现。
