Allen R P, Earley C J
Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Neurology and Sleep Medicine, Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
J Clin Neurophysiol. 2001 Mar;18(2):128-47. doi: 10.1097/00004691-200103000-00004.
Restless legs syndrome (RLS), although long ignored and still much underdiagnosed, disrupts the life and sleep considerably of those who have it. Recent clinical and basic research provides for better definition and pathophysiologic understanding of the disorder. The body of knowledge about this disorder has been expanding rapidly during the past decade and it has altered our concepts of this disorder. This review of RLS covers history, diagnosis, morbidity of sleep disturbance, relation to periodic limb movements in both sleep and waking, secondary causes, severity assessment methods, phenotypes for possible genetic patterns, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and medical treatment considerations. The emphasis on pathophysiology includes consideration of central nervous system localization, neurotransmitter and other systems involved, and the role of iron metabolism. Studies to date support the authors' recently advanced iron-dopamine model of RLS.
不宁腿综合征（RLS），尽管长期被忽视且仍存在大量漏诊情况，但却极大地扰乱了患者的生活和睡眠。近期的临床和基础研究为该疾病提供了更完善的定义及病理生理学认识。在过去十年里，关于这一疾病的知识体系迅速扩展，改变了我们对该疾病的认知。这篇关于不宁腿综合征的综述涵盖了其历史、诊断、睡眠障碍的发病率、与睡眠及清醒时周期性肢体运动的关系、继发原因、严重程度评估方法、可能的遗传模式的表型、流行病学、病理生理学以及药物治疗考量。对病理生理学的重点阐述包括对中枢神经系统定位、所涉及的神经递质及其他系统以及铁代谢作用的考量。迄今为止的研究支持了作者最近提出的不宁腿综合征的铁 - 多巴胺模型。
