Beschin A, Bilej M, Torreele E, De Baetselier P
Department of Immunology, Parasitology and Ultrastructure, Flemish Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Free University Brussels (VUB), St-Genesius-Rode, Belgium.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2001 May;58(5-6):801-14. doi: 10.1007/pl00000901.
Based on the assumption that invertebrates, like vertebrates, possess factors regulating responses to infection or wounding, studies dealing with the evolution of immunity have focussed on the isolation and characterisation of putative cytokine-related molecules from invertebrates. Until recently, most of our knowledge of cytokine- and cytokine receptor-like molecules in invertebrates relies on functional assays and similarities at the physicochemical level. As such, a phylogenetic relationship between invertebrate cytokine-like molecules and vertebrate counterparts could not be convincingly demonstrated. Recent genomic sequence analyses of interleukin-1-receptor-related molecules, that is Toll-like receptors, and members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily suggest that the innate immune system of invertebrates and vertebrates evolved independently. In addition, data from protochordates and annelids suggest that invertebrate cytokine-like molecules and vertebrate factors do not have the same evolutionary origin. We propose instead that the convergence of function of invertebrate cytokine-like molecules and vertebrate counterparts involved in innate immune defences may be based on similar lectin-like activities.
基于无脊椎动物与脊椎动物一样拥有调节对感染或伤口反应的因子这一假设，有关免疫进化的研究聚焦于从无脊椎动物中分离和鉴定假定的细胞因子相关分子。直到最近，我们对无脊椎动物中细胞因子及细胞因子受体样分子的大部分了解都依赖于功能测定和物理化学水平的相似性。因此，无脊椎动物细胞因子样分子与脊椎动物对应分子之间的系统发育关系无法得到令人信服的证明。最近对白介素-1受体相关分子（即Toll样受体）以及转化生长因子-β超家族成员的基因组序列分析表明，无脊椎动物和脊椎动物的先天免疫系统是独立进化的。此外，来自原索动物和环节动物的数据表明，无脊椎动物细胞因子样分子和脊椎动物因子没有相同的进化起源。相反，我们提出，参与先天免疫防御的无脊椎动物细胞因子样分子与脊椎动物对应分子在功能上的趋同可能基于相似的凝集素样活性。
