Moir W H, Block W M
USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2500 Pine Knoll Drive, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86001, USA.
Environ Manage. 2001 Aug;28(2):141-8. doi: 10.1007/s002670010213.
Adaptive management (AM) is the process of implementing land management activities in incremental steps and evaluating whether desired outcomes are being achieved at each step. If conditions deviate substantially from predictions, management activities are adjusted to achieve the desired outcomes. Thus, AM is a kind of monitoring, an activity that land management agencies have done poorly for the most part, at least with respect to ground-based monitoring. Will they do better in the future? We doubt it unless costs, personnel, and future commitment are seriously addressed. Because ecosystem responses to management impacts can ripple into the distant future, monitoring programs that address only the near future (e.g., 10-20 years), are probably unreliable for making statements about resource conditions in the distant future. We give examples of this. Feedback loops between ecosystem response and adjustment of management actions are often broken, and therefore AM again fails. Successful ground-based monitoring must address these and other points that agencies commonly ignore. As part of the solution, publics distrustful of agency activities should be included in any monitoring program.
适应性管理（AM）是一个逐步实施土地管理活动，并评估每一步是否实现预期结果的过程。如果实际情况与预测有很大偏差，就调整管理活动以实现预期结果。因此，适应性管理是一种监测，而土地管理机构在很大程度上对此做得很差，至少在地面监测方面是这样。它们未来会做得更好吗？我们对此表示怀疑，除非成本、人员和未来的投入得到认真解决。由于生态系统对管理影响的反应可能会波及遥远的未来，仅关注近期（如10 - 20年）的监测计划，对于说明遥远未来的资源状况可能是不可靠的。我们给出了这方面的例子。生态系统反应与管理行动调整之间的反馈回路常常被打破，因此适应性管理再次失败。成功的地面监测必须解决这些以及其他机构通常忽略的问题。作为解决方案的一部分，任何监测计划都应纳入对机构活动不信任的公众。
