Klein Zdenek, Fedor-Freybergh Peter G.
Editor-in-Chief, Neuroendocrinology Letters.
Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2000;21(5):422-423.
The human behavior is a fundamental phenomenon in contemporary sciences in the widest sense of the word. The wide range of world problems such as wars, criminality, social depravation, famine, different catastrophes as Tjernobyl up to the pandemic AIDS, etc. are transferable into one common denominator: the failure of man in his behavior. Adequate understanding of all behavioral mechanisms and their failures is condition sine qua non for the most important task-the prediction of actual behavior resulting from different bio-psycho-socio-cultural sources. The authors express presumption about the essential importance of three basic postulates (I-III) in every kind of behavioral research: (I) Human life is an indivisible continuum from its very beginning (especially vulnerable) over adulthood (inclusive reproduction) until death. The prenatal stages of life are integral and very sensitive periods of human ontogenesis. Every discontinuity in this development can lead to physical, mental and social disfunctions in both prenatal and postnatal life. (II) Motivation is a basic inner drive generating the actual human behavior. All its five components should be taken into consideration: 1. Qualitative (the kind of motivational state: alimentary, sexual, territorial, etc.) 2. Quantitative (the intensity of motivational state, "arousal"). 3. Inner structure of each motivational state (into partial motivational states with specific sensitivity to external stimulation). 4. Synthetic (causal and functional aspects of actual motivation). 5. Hierarchy of motivational states (self-preservation of the individual is probably on the top of such a hypothetical hierarchical structure). (III) Both previous postulates demand the integrative approach to the study of human behavior and refers to three basic sources of behavior: 1. Function of the CNS. 2. Function of the endocrine system. 3.Variability of external conditions (including all kinds of behavioral stimulation).
人类行为是当代科学中最广义的一种基本现象。世界上各种各样的问题，如战争、犯罪、社会堕落、饥荒、像切尔诺贝利核事故那样的各种灾难直至艾滋病大流行等，都可以归结为一个共同的因素：人类行为的失败。充分理解所有行为机制及其失灵情况，是完成最重要任务——预测源自不同生物 - 心理 - 社会 - 文化根源的实际行为的必要条件。作者们推测了三个基本假设（I - III）在各类行为研究中的至关重要性：（I）人类生命从一开始（尤其脆弱）经过成年期（包括生殖）直至死亡，是一个不可分割的连续体。生命的产前阶段是人类个体发育的整体且非常敏感的时期。这种发育过程中的任何间断都可能导致产前和产后生活中的身体、心理和社会功能障碍。（II）动机是产生实际人类行为的基本内在驱动力。应考虑其所有五个组成部分：1. 质的方面（动机状态的种类：饮食、性、领地等）。2. 量的方面（动机状态的强度，“唤醒”）。3. 每种动机状态的内部结构（分解为对外部刺激具有特定敏感性的部分动机状态）。4. 综合方面（实际动机的因果和功能方面）。5. 动机状态的层次结构（个体的自我保护可能处于这种假设层次结构的顶端）。（III）前两个假设都要求采用综合方法来研究人类行为，并涉及行为的三个基本来源：1. 中枢神经系统的功能。2. 内分泌系统的功能。3. 外部条件的可变性（包括各种行为刺激）。
