Maillet A, Beaufrere B, Di Nardo P, Elia M, Pichard C
Biotechnology Topical Team about Nutrition of the European Space Agency, Clinique Spatiale, MEDES, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2001 Jul;4(4):301-6. doi: 10.1097/00075197-200107000-00010.
Food intake and eating patterns, body functions and composition are significantly altered by short-duration space flight. Prolonged missions lasting weeks or months further aggravate these changes, and are responsible for acute or chronic physical impairments at return to ground conditions. Current projects of missions to Mars, resulting in 2 years of microgravity conditions, stress the critical need for the development of optimal nutritional programs and physical countermeasures to prevent body mass and function alterations. This review outlines ground models of microgravity simulation, summarizes the major effects of weightlessness on body composition, protein metabolism, hormonal pattern, and muscle function, and addresses contradictory findings related to the oxidative stress secondary to space flight. Potential countermeasures, such as nutrient intake and physical conditioning, as well as areas of interest for future research both in ground and space medicine, are discussed.
短期太空飞行会显著改变食物摄入量和饮食模式、身体功能及组成。持续数周或数月的长期任务会进一步加剧这些变化，并导致返回地面后出现急性或慢性身体损伤。目前前往火星的任务项目会导致两年的微重力环境，这凸显了制定最佳营养计划和身体应对措施以防止体重和功能改变的迫切需求。本综述概述了微重力模拟的地面模型，总结了失重对身体组成、蛋白质代谢、激素模式和肌肉功能的主要影响，并探讨了与太空飞行继发的氧化应激相关的矛盾研究结果。还讨论了潜在的应对措施，如营养摄入和身体锻炼，以及地面和太空医学未来研究的关注领域。
