Verdisson S, Couderchet M, Vernet G
Unité de Recherche Vigne et Vin de Champagne, UPRES-EA 2069, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France.
Chemosphere. 2001 Jul;44(3):467-74. doi: 10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00468-9.
Procymidone, fludioxonil, and pyrimethanil are widely used to control the pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea in Champagne's vineyards. These fungicides may end up in surface waters and present potential risks for aquatic vascular plants and algae. Therefore, their toxicity was evaluated on Lemna minor and Scenedesmus acutus in six-day or 48-h tests, respectively. Based on growth and chlorophyll (Chl) content of L. minor and S. acutus cultures, the results showed that the alga was the most sensitive to the fungicides. Among the fungicides, pyrimethanil was the most toxic for L. minor, its nominal IC50 was 46.16 mg l(-1) and that of the other two was >100 mg l(-1). In contrast, pyrimethanil appeared the least toxic for S. acutus at low concentration, nominal IC50 were 22.81, 4.85, and 4.55 mg l(-1) for pyrimethanil, fludioxonil, and procymidone, respectively. Fate of the fungicides in the media was also investigated and acute toxicity of the agrochemicals is discussed in regard to concentration in the culture media. Poor solubility of procymidone and fludioxonil appeared to be partly responsible for the low toxicity of these fungicides. Based on these toxicity data and the concentrations found in ponds collecting vineyard runoff water, these pesticides should not impair the establishment of pioneer plants.
腐霉利、咯菌腈和嘧霉胺被广泛用于香槟地区葡萄园防治致病真菌灰葡萄孢。这些杀菌剂最终可能进入地表水，对水生维管束植物和藻类构成潜在风险。因此，分别在为期六天的试验和48小时的试验中评估了它们对浮萍和尖锐栅藻的毒性。根据浮萍和尖锐栅藻培养物的生长及叶绿素（Chl）含量，结果表明藻类对杀菌剂最为敏感。在这些杀菌剂中，嘧霉胺对浮萍毒性最大，其标称IC50为46.16 mg l(-1)，另外两种的标称IC50>100 mg l(-1)。相比之下，在低浓度下嘧霉胺对尖锐栅藻的毒性似乎最小，嘧霉胺、咯菌腈和腐霉利的标称IC50分别为22.81、4.85和4.55 mg l(-1)。还研究了杀菌剂在培养基中的归宿，并根据培养基中的浓度讨论了农用化学品的急性毒性。腐霉利和咯菌腈的低溶解度似乎是这些杀菌剂毒性低的部分原因。根据这些毒性数据以及在收集葡萄园径流的池塘中发现的浓度，这些农药不应妨碍先锋植物的生长。
