Unité de Recherches Vigne et Vin de Champagne (URVVC EA 4707), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France.
Ecotoxicology. 2013 May;22(4):683-92. doi: 10.1007/s10646-013-1060-2. Epub 2013 Mar 16.
Effects of two fungicides, copper and dimethomorph ((E,Z)4-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-4dimethoxyphenyl) acryloyl] morpholine) on Lemna minor growth and phytoremediation were evaluated. The toxicity of copper and dimethomorph alone and in combination, was assessed by growth inhibition of L. minor cultures after 96 and 168 h. Copper had a severe impact on growth (max. inhibition: 90 % at 1,000 μg L(-1)) while dimethomorph (as pure ingredient or formulated as Forum) did not (inhibition <45 % at 1,000 μg L(-1)) after 168 h of treatment. When both chemicals were combined, synergism was observed after 96 h of exposure to copper and Forum. However, this interaction was a simple additivity after 168 h. Additivity was also observed when the pure active ingredient (dimethomorph) replaced Forum in the mixture of copper and dimethomorph at 96 and 168 h. L. minor showed an excellent performance in removing copper from the medium since after 96 h, 36, 60, and 76 % removal were reached for 10, 20, and 30 μg L(-1) of Cu respectively. Copper accumulated in the plants. The removal of copper increased with Forum concentration. After 96 h copper (10 μg L(-1) initial concentration) elimination increased from 36.39 ± 5.86-60.70 ± 6.06 % when Forum concentration increased from 0 to 500 μg L(-1). Accumulation of copper in plants was also increased by Forum but not by the active ingredient alone. Depuration of Forum by L. minor varied between 10 and 40 % after 96 h and it was generally more efficient than that of the pure ingredient. This depuration decreased in the presence of copper possibly due to the metal toxicity.
评价了两种杀菌剂，铜和二甲嘧菌胺（（E，Z）4-[3-（4-氯苯基）-3-（3-4-二甲氧基苯基）丙烯酰基]吗啉）对浮萍生长和植物修复的影响。通过 96 和 168 h 后浮萍培养物的生长抑制来评估铜和二甲嘧菌胺单独和组合的毒性。铜对生长有严重影响（1000μg/L 时最大抑制率为 90%），而二甲嘧菌胺（纯品或作为 Forum 制剂）在 168 h 处理后没有（抑制率<45%，1000μg/L）。在暴露于铜和 Forum 96 h 后，观察到两者同时存在时具有协同作用。然而，168 h 后这种相互作用是简单的加和。在铜和二甲嘧菌胺混合物中用纯活性成分（二甲嘧菌胺）替代 Forum 时，在 96 和 168 h 时也观察到加和性。浮萍从介质中去除铜的性能非常出色，因为在 96 h 后，分别达到了 30μg/L 铜初始浓度 10、20 和 30μg/L 时的 36%、60%和 76%去除率。铜在植物中积累。随着 Forum 浓度的增加，铜的去除率增加。在 96 h 时，铜（初始浓度为 10μg/L）的消除率从 36.39±5.86%到 60.70±6.06%增加，当 Forum 浓度从 0 增加到 500μg/L 时。Forum 也增加了植物对铜的积累，但纯品没有。浮萍在 96 h 后对 Forum 的净化率在 10%到 40%之间变化，通常比纯品更有效。由于金属毒性，这种净化在存在铜时会降低。
