Souza I, Serra M A, Mattos P, Franco V A
Grupo de Estudos do Déficit de Atenção, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2001 Jun;59(2-B):401-6.
Thirty-four children and adolescents with ages from 6 to 16 years having a diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)according to DSM-IV criteria were examined. Psychiatric comorbidity was evaluated through a standard questionnaire given to parents. There was a significant comorbidity (85,7%) in the sample, oppositional-defiant disorder (20,6%) and conduct disorder (39,2%) being the most common comorbid diagnosis. At least two diagnosis other than ADHD could be found in 57% of the sample. Major depression was seen in four cases and anxiety states (generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety and phobias) were seen in 34.3% of the sample. Comorbidity modifies prognosis in a significant way and may suggest specific therapeutic interventions according to each case. Frequent comorbidity may suggest the need for diagnostic interviews that covers other psychiatric disorders.
对34名年龄在6至16岁之间、根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）标准被诊断为注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童和青少年进行了检查。通过向家长发放的标准问卷对精神共病情况进行评估。样本中存在显著的共病情况（85.7%），对立违抗障碍（20.6%）和品行障碍（39.2%）是最常见的共病诊断。57%的样本中可发现至少两种除ADHD之外的诊断。4例出现重度抑郁，34.3%的样本出现焦虑状态（广泛性焦虑障碍、分离焦虑和恐惧症）。共病会显著改变预后，并可能根据具体情况提示特定的治疗干预措施。频繁的共病可能表明需要进行涵盖其他精神障碍的诊断访谈。
