Delahay R J, Cheeseman C L, Clifton-Hadley R S
Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, UK.
Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2001;81(1-2):43-9. doi: 10.1054/tube.2000.0266.
Mycobacterium bovis infection has been confirmed in a wide range of mammals hosts throughout the world. The European badger (Meles meles) and the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) are implicated as significant sources of infection for domestic cattle in the UK and New Zealand respectively. The risk of transmission of infection between a wildlife population and domestic animals will be determined by both the epidemiology of the disease and the ecology of the host. In the UK, surveys by the UK Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) have identified M. bovis infection in deer (Cervus sp., Capreolus sp., Dama sp.), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), mink (Mustela vison), feral ferret (Mustela furo), mole (Talpa europaea), brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) and feral cat (Felis catus). However, the potential contribution to cattle herd breakdowns, of reservoirs of M. bovis infection in mammals other than the badger is poorly understood and is the subject of current research. In contrast, M. bovis infection in the badger has been the subject of a long term ecological and epidemiological study at Woodchester Park in South-West England, where the prevalence and distribution of infection in a wild population has been intensively monitored. The pattern of infection in the population and potential risks to cattle, are profoundly influenced by badger social organization and behaviour. The pattern of land use and cattle farming practices in the UK brings badgers into close contact with domestic animals and provides conditions that may enhance the likelihood of disease transfer.
牛分枝杆菌感染在全球范围内的多种哺乳动物宿主中均已得到证实。在英国，欧洲獾（Meles meles）是家牛感染的重要传染源；在新西兰，帚尾袋貂（Trichosurus vulpecula）则是家牛感染的重要传染源。野生动物群体与家畜之间的感染传播风险将由疾病的流行病学和宿主的生态学共同决定。在英国，英国农业、渔业和食品部（MAFF）的调查已在鹿（Cervus sp.、Capreolus sp.、Dama sp.）、赤狐（Vulpes vulpes）、水貂（Mustela vison）、野生雪貂（Mustela furo）、鼹鼠（Talpa europaea）、褐家鼠（Rattus norvegicus）和野猫（Felis catus）中发现了牛分枝杆菌感染。然而，除獾之外的其他哺乳动物体内牛分枝杆菌感染源对牛群疫情爆发的潜在影响却知之甚少，这也是当前研究的主题。相比之下，在英格兰西南部的伍德切斯特公园，对獾的牛分枝杆菌感染进行了长期的生态学和流行病学研究，在那里对野生獾种群中感染的患病率和分布情况进行了密集监测。獾的社会组织和行为对种群中的感染模式以及牛的潜在风险有着深远影响。英国的土地利用模式和养牛 practices使獾与家畜密切接触，并提供了可能增加疾病传播可能性的条件。 （注：原文中“cattle farming practices”表述不太完整准确，可能影响理解，大致意思如上翻译）
