Garnett B T, Delahay R J, Roper T J
Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK.
Proc Biol Sci. 2002 Jul 22;269(1499):1487-91. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2002.2072.
Nocturnal observations, radio telemetry and time-lapse camera surveillance were used to investigate visits by badgers (Meles meles L.) to two cattle farms. During 59 half-nights (ca. 295 h) of observation and 17 nights (ca. 154 h) of camera surveillance, 139 separate visits to farm buildings, by at least 26 individually identifiable badgers from two social groups, were recorded. The badgers, which included three individuals infected with bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis), used cowsheds, feedsheds, barns, haystacks, slurry pits, cattle troughs and farmyards to exploit a range of food resources, including cattle feed and silage. Cattle feed was contaminated with badger faeces and badgers also came into close contact with cattle. The minimum number of badgers visiting farm buildings per night was negatively correlated with local 24 h rainfall. We conclude that exploitation by badgers of resources provided by cattle farms constitutes a potentially important mechanism for tuberculosis transmission from badgers to cattle.
通过夜间观察、无线电遥测和延时摄像监测，对獾（Meles meles L.）到两个奶牛场的到访情况进行了调查。在59个半夜间（约295小时）的观察以及17个夜间（约154小时）的摄像监测期间，记录到至少来自两个社会群体的26只个体可识别的獾对农场建筑进行了139次单独到访。这些獾包括三只感染牛结核病（牛分枝杆菌）的个体，它们利用牛棚、饲料棚、谷仓、干草堆、粪坑、牛槽和农家院来获取一系列食物资源，包括牛饲料和青贮饲料。牛饲料被獾粪便污染，獾也与牛密切接触。每晚到访农场建筑的獾的最小数量与当地24小时降雨量呈负相关。我们得出结论，獾对奶牛场提供的资源的利用构成了结核病从獾传播到牛的一个潜在重要机制。
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