Kurstjens S, Wolke D
Institut für Pädagogische Psychologie und Empirische Pädagogik, LMU München, Germany.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2001 Jul;42(5):623-36.
The effects of postnatal depression on cognitive test scores at 20 months and 4; 8 years of age as well as the timing (onset in the early postnatal period versus later), severity, number of episodes, duration of longest phase, recency, and chronicity of material depression on children's cognitive scores at 6; 3 years was investigated. In South Bavaria, Germany, 1,329 mothers of singletons were screened when the children were 6; 3 years of age for the presence of depressive symptoms since the birth of their infant. A standard interview (SADS-L) was used to ascertain DSM-IV diagnosis and details of depressive episodes. Ninety-two mothers were diagnosed as having suffered DSM-IV defined depression (7%). Seven hundred and twenty-one mothers had no depressive episodes or symptoms from their children's birth until 6; 3 years and were used as control group. The children had been assessed with the Griffiths Scales of Babies' Abilities (20 months), the Columbia Mental Maturity Scales (CMM) at 4; 8 years, and the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) at 6; 3 years. No significant main effects of severity, timing of onset, duration, or chronicity of depression of the child's cognitive development were found. Significant interactions of gender with chronicity of maternal depression (i.e. early-onset major and repeated episodes) were detected. Low SES boys or boys born at neonatal risk of mothers with chronic depression had lower Achievement Scores in the K-ABC at 6; 3 years than children of mothers with less severe depression or controls. It is concluded that maternal depression per se has negligible effects on children's cognitive development. Long-term effects may be found when maternal depression is chronic, the child is a boy and neonatal risk-born, or the family suffers other social risks.
研究了产后抑郁症对儿童20个月、4岁、8岁时认知测试分数的影响，以及产后抑郁症的发病时间（产后早期发病与晚期发病）、严重程度、发作次数、最长发作阶段持续时间、近期发作情况和慢性程度对儿童6岁、3岁时认知分数的影响。在德国巴伐利亚南部，当孩子6岁、3岁时，对1329名单胎母亲进行筛查，了解其自婴儿出生以来是否存在抑郁症状。采用标准访谈（SADS-L）来确定DSM-IV诊断及抑郁发作的细节。92名母亲被诊断为患有DSM-IV定义的抑郁症（7%）。721名母亲从孩子出生到6岁、3岁期间没有抑郁发作或症状，作为对照组。对儿童进行了格里菲斯婴儿能力量表（20个月时）、哥伦比亚心理成熟量表（4岁、8岁时）和考夫曼儿童评估量表（6岁、3岁时）的评估。未发现抑郁症的严重程度、发病时间、持续时间或慢性程度对儿童认知发展有显著的主要影响。检测到性别与母亲抑郁症慢性程度（即早发性重度和反复发作者）之间存在显著交互作用。低社会经济地位男孩或母亲患有慢性抑郁症且有新生儿风险的男孩，在6岁、3岁时的考夫曼儿童评估量表成就分数低于母亲抑郁症较轻的儿童或对照组。结论是，母亲抑郁症本身对儿童认知发展的影响可忽略不计。当母亲抑郁症为慢性、孩子为男孩且有新生儿风险或家庭面临其他社会风险时，可能会发现长期影响。
