Tripp G, Alsop B
Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2001 Jul;42(5):691-8.
The present study compared the sensitivity to pre- and post-reward delays of children with and without DSM-IV combined type ADHD. Thirty-six children with DSM-IV combined type ADHD and 36 controls completed a signal-detection task. Correct identification of one stimulus produced an immediate reward and then a 3.5 s delay before the next trial (immediate reward). Correct identification of the other stimulus was associated with a 3.5 s delay before reward was delivered (delayed reward). Group differences emerged in response bias toward the immediately rewarded alternative. Children in the ADHD group showed a greater bias toward immediate reward than the controls. Children in the control group showed different patterns of response bias and discriminability following immediate and delayed rewards. For these children discriminability was lower and response bias was greater on trials following delayed reward. Both groups responded more slowly on trials following delayed reward. These findings support the hypothesis that children with ADHD are unusually sensitive to pre-reward delays.
本研究比较了患有和未患有《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）中合并型注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童对奖励前和奖励后延迟的敏感性。36名患有DSM-IV合并型ADHD的儿童和36名对照组儿童完成了一项信号检测任务。正确识别一种刺激会立即产生奖励，然后在下一次试验前有3.5秒的延迟（即时奖励）。正确识别另一种刺激与在给予奖励前有3.5秒的延迟相关（延迟奖励）。在对即时奖励选项的反应偏差方面出现了组间差异。ADHD组儿童对即时奖励的偏好大于对照组。对照组儿童在即时奖励和延迟奖励后表现出不同的反应偏差和辨别能力模式。对于这些儿童，在延迟奖励后的试验中，辨别能力较低，反应偏差较大。两组在延迟奖励后的试验中反应都更慢。这些发现支持了这样的假设，即患有ADHD的儿童对奖励前的延迟异常敏感。
