Bado Patricia P, Salum Giovanni A, Rohde Luis A, Gadelha Ary, Pan Pedro M, Miguel Eurípedes C, Tripp Gail, Furukawa Emi
Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil.
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio) Rio de Janeiro Brazil.
JCPP Adv. 2024 Apr 15;4(2):e12231. doi: 10.1002/jcv2.12231. eCollection 2024 Jun.
A stronger preference for immediate rewards has been reported in individuals with ADHD and other disorders. However, the consistency of the associations between this preference and psychiatric conditions as well as functional outcomes have been questioned. Research on its association with longitudinal outcomes is scarce.
The current study used data on a choice delay task (CDT) from a school-based cohort of Brazilian children with those at higher risk for psychiatric disorders over-sampled ( = 1917). The sample included typically developing children ( = 1379), those with ADHD ( = 213), and other disorders. The frequency of the trials where children chose a larger later reward versus a smaller sooner reward was compared for those with ADHD and typically developing children. Cross-sectionally and longitudinally, the study also evaluated whether children's preference for larger delayed rewards at baseline predicted the presence of psychiatric disorders and functional life outcomes (academic performance, alcohol use, early pregnancy, criminal conviction, BMI).
Children with ADHD and their typically developing peers performed similarly on the CDT. Their baseline task performance was not related to psychiatric conditions or life outcomes.
The current results raise questions regarding the use of the CDT with diverse populations and whether a preference for larger delayed rewards is predictive of positive long-term outcomes as widely assumed.
据报道，患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和其他疾病的个体对即时奖励有更强的偏好。然而，这种偏好与精神疾病以及功能结局之间关联的一致性受到了质疑。关于其与纵向结局关联的研究很少。
本研究使用了来自巴西儿童学校队列的选择延迟任务（CDT）数据，对有更高精神疾病风险的儿童进行了过度抽样（n = 1917）。样本包括发育正常的儿童（n = 1379）、患有ADHD的儿童（n = 213）和其他疾病儿童。比较了患有ADHD的儿童和发育正常儿童选择更大的延迟奖励而非更小的即时奖励的试验频率。在横断面和纵向研究中，该研究还评估了儿童在基线时对更大延迟奖励的偏好是否能预测精神疾病的存在和功能生活结局（学业成绩、饮酒、早孕、刑事定罪、体重指数）。
患有ADHD的儿童及其发育正常的同龄人在CDT上表现相似。他们的基线任务表现与精神疾病或生活结局无关。
目前的结果对在不同人群中使用CDT以及更大延迟奖励的偏好是否如广泛假设的那样能预测积极的长期结局提出了疑问。
