Lundy J, Sherlock P, Kurtz R, Fortner J G, Turnbull A D
Am J Gastroenterol. 1975 Jun;63(6):447-50.
The mortality of spontaneous gastrointestinal perforation in 36 patients with cancer was 84% (30 patients). The main factors responsible for this included failure of recognition, perforation through tumor, advanced uncontrolled disease and multiple organ failure. Six of 19 patients who underwent surgery survived (32%). Five of these patients did not perforate through tumor and their underlying malignancy was in good control. Earlier diagnosis is essential. Prompt surgical intervention and intensive supportive measures are indicated only if additional therapy of the underlying malignancy offers a reasonable chance for continued worthwhile palliation.
36例癌症患者自发性胃肠道穿孔的死亡率为84%（30例患者）。造成这种情况的主要因素包括未被识别、肿瘤穿孔、晚期无法控制的疾病和多器官功能衰竭。19例接受手术的患者中有6例存活（32%）。这些患者中有5例未发生肿瘤穿孔，其潜在恶性肿瘤得到良好控制。早期诊断至关重要。只有在对潜在恶性肿瘤进行的额外治疗有合理机会实现持续有效姑息治疗时，才应进行及时的手术干预和强化支持措施。
