Akira S, Takeda K, Kaisho T
Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Nat Immunol. 2001 Aug;2(8):675-80. doi: 10.1038/90609.
Recognition of pathogens is mediated by a set of germline-encoded receptors that are referred to as pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). These receptors recognize conserved molecular patterns (pathogen-associated molecular patterns), which are shared by large groups of microorganisms. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) function as the PRRs in mammals and play an essential role in the recognition of microbial components. The TLRs may also recognize endogenous ligands induced during the inflammatory response. Similar cytoplasmic domains allow TLRs to use the same signaling molecules used by the interleukin 1 receptors (IL-1Rs): these include MyD88, IL-1R--associated protein kinase and tumor necrosis factor receptor--activated factor 6. However, evidence is accumulating that the signaling pathways associated with each TLR are not identical and may, therefore, result in different biological responses.
病原体的识别是由一组种系编码的受体介导的，这些受体被称为模式识别受体（PRR）。这些受体识别保守的分子模式（病原体相关分子模式），这些模式为大量微生物所共有。Toll样受体（TLR）在哺乳动物中作为PRR发挥作用，在识别微生物成分方面起着至关重要的作用。TLR也可能识别炎症反应期间诱导产生的内源性配体。相似的胞质结构域使TLR能够使用白细胞介素1受体（IL-1R）所使用的相同信号分子：这些分子包括髓样分化因子88（MyD88）、IL-1R相关蛋白激酶和肿瘤坏死因子受体激活因子6。然而，越来越多的证据表明，与每个TLR相关的信号通路并不相同，因此可能导致不同的生物学反应。
