Kayesh Mohammad Enamul Hoque, Kohara Michinori, Tsukiyama-Kohara Kyoko
Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, Bangladesh.
Transboundary Animal Diseases Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
Vaccines (Basel). 2025 Aug 13;13(8):856. doi: 10.3390/vaccines13080856.
CHIKV is a re-emerging mosquito-borne arthritogenic alphavirus associated with large outbreaks and severe joint pain, and it poses a growing global health threat. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as key pattern recognition receptors, detect viral components and initiate antiviral immune responses. Increasing evidence highlights the role of TLR signaling in shaping CHIKV infection outcomes, though its precise contribution remains unclear. CHIKV has developed mechanisms to evade host innate immune surveillance, promoting viral replication. TLR agonists show promise as vaccine adjuvants by enhancing immune responses. In this review, we summarize current insights into TLR-mediated immunity during CHIKV infection, the virus's innate immune evasion strategies, and the potential of TLR agonists in improving vaccine efficacy.
基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）是一种再度出现的、由蚊子传播的致关节炎甲病毒，与大规模疫情爆发及严重关节疼痛相关，对全球健康构成日益严重的威胁。Toll样受体（TLRs）作为关键的模式识别受体，可检测病毒成分并启动抗病毒免疫反应。越来越多的证据凸显了TLR信号传导在塑造CHIKV感染结果中的作用，但其确切贡献仍不清楚。CHIKV已形成逃避宿主天然免疫监视的机制，从而促进病毒复制。TLR激动剂通过增强免疫反应，有望成为疫苗佐剂。在本综述中，我们总结了目前对CHIKV感染期间TLR介导的免疫、病毒的天然免疫逃避策略以及TLR激动剂在提高疫苗效力方面潜力的见解。
