Tormes F R, Guedry F E
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1975 Apr;46(4 Sec 1):387-93.
The incidence of pilot disorientation in fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft has been previously investigated, but special orientation problems of naval helicopter pilots engaged in operations at sea and landing on moving platforms have not been previously investigated. A questionnaire concerning disorientations was answered anonymously and individually by 104 active naval helicopter pilots. Fifty-six percent indicated one or more espisodes of severe disorientation, and 8.6% indicated having experienced severe disorientation five or more times while piloting helicopters. A number of factors conducive to disorientation were identified. Some precipitating factors appear to be specific to operations over water or over a moving deck, although some of these may well have their counterparts in special operations over land. Other factors are common to fixed-wing as well as rotary-wing aircraft. A number of potential countermeasures for various precipitating factors are discussed.
固定翼和旋翼飞机飞行员定向障碍的发生率此前已得到研究，但从事海上作业并在移动平台上降落的海军直升机飞行员所面临的特殊定向问题此前尚未得到研究。104名现役海军直升机飞行员以匿名且单独的方式回答了一份关于定向障碍的问卷。56%的人表示有过一次或多次严重定向障碍发作，8.6%的人表示在驾驶直升机时曾经历过五次或更多次严重定向障碍。确定了一些导致定向障碍的因素。一些诱发因素似乎是水上或移动甲板作业所特有的，尽管其中一些因素在陆上特殊作业中可能也有类似情况。其他因素在固定翼飞机和旋翼飞机中都很常见。讨论了针对各种诱发因素的一些潜在应对措施。
