Jodl K M, Michael A, Malanchuk O, Eccles J S, Sameroff A
Gender and Achievement Research Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1290, USA.
Child Dev. 2001 Jul-Aug;72(4):1247-65. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00345.
Relations among dimensions of parenting and adolescents' occupational aspirations were examined in two specific domains: academics and sports. The sample consisted of 444 seventh graders, with approximately equal numbers of African American and European American males and females, from two-parent nondivorced families. Multiple measures were used as indicators of parents' values and behaviors, youths' values and beliefs, positive identification with parents, and adolescents' occupational aspirations. In the academic domain, parents' values predicted youths' values directly rather than indirectly through their behaviors. In contrast, fathers' behaviors mediated the relation between parents' and youths' values in the sports domain. Positive identification was directly related to adolescents' values (especially about academics); however, positive identification did not moderate the transmission of values from parent to child in either domain. Parents' values predicted adolescents' occupational aspirations via both direct and indirect pathways. Similar results were obtained for African American and European American males and females. These findings highlight the potential role of parents as socializers of achievement-related values, and, ultimately, adolescents' occupational visions of themselves in the future.
在学术和体育这两个特定领域，研究了养育方式的维度与青少年职业抱负之间的关系。样本包括444名七年级学生，来自双亲未离异家庭，非裔美国人和欧裔美国男性及女性数量大致相等。采用多种测量方法作为父母价值观和行为、青少年价值观和信念、对父母的积极认同以及青少年职业抱负的指标。在学术领域，父母的价值观直接预测青少年的价值观，而非通过他们的行为间接预测。相比之下，在体育领域，父亲的行为介导了父母与青少年价值观之间的关系。积极认同与青少年的价值观（尤其是关于学术方面的价值观）直接相关；然而，在这两个领域中，积极认同都没有调节价值观从父母向孩子的传递。父母的价值观通过直接和间接途径预测青少年的职业抱负。非裔美国人和欧裔美国男性及女性都得到了类似的结果。这些发现凸显了父母作为与成就相关价值观的社会化者的潜在作用，以及最终青少年对自己未来职业愿景的潜在作用。
