Wheeler Lorey A, Updegraff Kimberly A, Crouter Ann
The Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families, and Schools.
T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University.
J Fam Psychol. 2015 Jun;29(3):447-57. doi: 10.1037/fam0000085. Epub 2015 May 4.
Mexican-origin parents' work experiences are a distal extrafamilial context for adolescents' adjustment. This 2-wave multiinformant study examined the prospective mechanisms linking parents' work conditions (i.e., self-direction, work pressure, workplace discrimination) to adolescents' adjustment (i.e., educational expectations, depressive symptoms, risky behavior) across the transition to high school drawing on work socialization and spillover models. We examined the indirect effects of parental work conditions on adolescent adjustment through parents' psychological functioning (i.e., depressive symptoms, role overload) and aspects of the parent-adolescent relationship (i.e., parental solicitation, parent-adolescent conflict), as well as moderation by adolescent gender. Participants were 246 predominantly immigrant, Mexican-origin, 2-parent families who participated in home interviews when adolescents were approximately 13 and 15 years of age. Results supported the positive impact of fathers' occupational self-direction on all 3 aspects of adolescents' adjustment through decreased father-adolescent conflict, after controlling for family socioeconomic status and earner status, and underemployment. Parental work pressure and discrimination were indirectly linked to adolescents' adjustment, with different mechanisms emerging for mothers and fathers. Adolescents' gender moderated the associations between fathers' self-direction and girls' depressive symptoms, and fathers' experiences of discrimination and boys' risk behavior. Results suggest that Mexican-origin mothers' and fathers' perceptions of work conditions have important implications for multiple domains of adolescents' adjustment across the transition to high school.
墨西哥裔父母的工作经历是青少年适应的一种外在家庭环境因素。这项两阶段多信息源研究运用工作社会化和溢出模型，考察了父母工作条件（即自我导向、工作压力、职场歧视）与青少年在升入高中过渡阶段的适应情况（即教育期望、抑郁症状、危险行为）之间的前瞻性机制。我们研究了父母工作条件通过父母心理功能（即抑郁症状、角色过载）以及亲子关系方面（即父母的关心、亲子冲突）对青少年适应产生的间接影响，同时也考察了青少年性别的调节作用。研究参与者为246个主要由移民组成的墨西哥裔双亲家庭，在青少年大约13岁和15岁时对其家庭进行了访谈。结果表明，在控制了家庭社会经济地位、收入者状况和就业不足等因素后，父亲的职业自我导向通过减少父子冲突，对青少年适应的三个方面均产生了积极影响。父母的工作压力和歧视与青少年的适应存在间接关联，且父母的影响机制有所不同。青少年的性别调节了父亲的自我导向与女孩抑郁症状之间以及父亲的歧视经历与男孩危险行为之间的关联。研究结果表明，墨西哥裔父母对工作条件的认知对青少年升入高中过渡阶段多个领域的适应具有重要影响。
