荷兰疫苗接种率极低的社区爆发麻疹疫情。
Measles outbreak in a community with very low vaccine coverage, the Netherlands.
作者信息
van den Hof S, Meffre C M, Conyn-van Spaendonck M A, Woonink F, de Melker H E, van Binnendijk R S
机构信息
National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
出版信息
Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7(3 Suppl):593-7. doi: 10.3201/eid0707.010743.
A 1999-2000 measles epidemic in the Netherlands started with an outbreak in an orthodox reformed elementary school with 7% vaccine coverage. The overall attack rate was 37%: 213 clinical cases among the 255 participating pupils (response 62%) and 327 household members. The attack rate ranged from 0% for the oldest groups of pupils to 88% for the youngest, who had not been exposed in previous measles epidemics. None of 25 vaccinated pupils had clinical symptoms. Among pupils with clinical symptoms, the self-reported complication rate was 25%. These data confirm that measles infection causes severe disease and that vaccination is the most effective means of preventing the disease and its complications. The data also show that clusters of persons refraining from vaccination interfere with measles elimination even in populations with very high overall vaccine coverage (96%).
1999年至2000年荷兰的麻疹疫情始于一所改革宗小学的爆发，该校疫苗接种率为7%。总体发病率为37%：255名参与调查的学生（回应率62%）中有213例临床病例，327名家庭成员中也有发病。发病率从年龄最大的学生群体的0%到年龄最小的学生群体的88%不等，年龄最小的学生群体在之前的麻疹疫情中未接触过。25名接种疫苗的学生均无临床症状。在有临床症状的学生中，自我报告的并发症发生率为25%。这些数据证实麻疹感染会导致严重疾病，接种疫苗是预防该疾病及其并发症的最有效手段。数据还表明，即使在总体疫苗接种率非常高（96%）的人群中，未接种疫苗人群的聚集也会干扰麻疹的消除。
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