Detre J A, Floyd T F
Departments of Neurology, Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Neuroscientist. 2001 Feb;7(1):64-79. doi: 10.1177/107385840100700110.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an emerging methodology for studying regional brain function in vivo at relatively high spatial and temporal resolution. Because MRI methods are comparatively inexpensive and entirely noninvasive, fMRI has rapidly become one of the most popular approaches for brain mapping in cognitive and systems neuroscience. There has also been great interest in using fMRI to assist in clinical diagnosis and management, with promising demonstrations of feasibility in a number of applications. Both resting and task-specific regional brain activity can be measured, primarily utilizing alterations in regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) as a surrogate marker for neural function. This article reviews the biophysical and physiological bases of fMRI and its applications to the clinical neurosciences, with particular attention to potential challenges of fMRI under pathophysiological conditions. Carefully controlled prospective evaluation of clinical fMRI in its various potential applications will be required for fMRI to be validated as a clinically useful tool. Because the technology for fMRI is widely available, its impact could be substantial.
功能磁共振成像（fMRI）是一种新兴的方法，用于在体内以相对较高的空间和时间分辨率研究局部脑功能。由于磁共振成像方法相对便宜且完全无创，fMRI已迅速成为认知神经科学和系统神经科学中最受欢迎的脑图谱绘制方法之一。人们也对使用fMRI辅助临床诊断和管理产生了浓厚兴趣，并且在许多应用中都有可行性的有力证明。静息和特定任务的局部脑活动均可被测量，主要利用局部脑血流量（CBF）的变化作为神经功能的替代指标。本文综述了fMRI的生物物理和生理基础及其在临床神经科学中的应用，特别关注病理生理条件下fMRI的潜在挑战。为了将fMRI验证为一种临床有用的工具，需要对其在各种潜在应用中的临床fMRI进行严格控制的前瞻性评估。由于fMRI技术广泛可得，其影响可能很大。
