Gades N M, Danneman P J, Wixson S K, Tolley E A
University of Tennessee, Memphis, The Health Science Center, Department of Comparative Medicine, 956 Court Avenue, Box 17, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci. 2000 Mar;39(2):8-13.
This study was designed to determine the magnitude and duration of the analgesic effect of three commonly used opioids: buprenorphine (0.5 mg/kg for rats; 2.0 mg/kg for mice), butorphanol (2.0 mg/kg for rats; 5.0 mg/kg for mice), and morphine (10 mg/kg for rats and mice). We used two standard tests, the hot plate and tail flick assays, to measure opioid analgesia in 62 male, 200 to 300 g Sprague-Dawley rats and 61 male, 25 to 35 g ICR mice. We obtained five baseline measurements then administered the drugs subcutaneously. Morphine gave the highest analgesic effect and was intermediate in duration (2 to 3 h in rats and mice) of analgesia. Butorphanol provided the lowest level of and shortest (1 to 2 h in rats and mice) analgesia. Buprenorphine had an intermediate analgesic effect and the longest duration (6 to 8 h in rats and 3 to 5 h in mice). In light of our results, we recommend the use of morphine (with frequent redosing) for severe pain, butorphanol for mild pain of short duration, and buprenorphine for mild to moderate pain of increased duration. The dosing intervals suggested by our study are 2 to 3 h for morphine in both rats and mice, 1 to 2 h for butorphanol in both rats and mice; and 6 to 8 h in rats and 3 to 5 h in mice for buprenorphine.
丁丙诺啡（大鼠0.5毫克/千克；小鼠2.0毫克/千克）、布托啡诺（大鼠2.0毫克/千克；小鼠5.0毫克/千克）和吗啡（大鼠和小鼠均为10毫克/千克）。我们使用两种标准试验，即热板法和甩尾试验，来测量62只体重200至300克的雄性斯普拉格-道利大鼠和61只体重25至35克的雄性ICR小鼠的阿片类镇痛效果。我们先进行了五次基线测量，然后皮下注射药物。吗啡的镇痛效果最强，镇痛持续时间中等（大鼠和小鼠均为2至3小时）。布托啡诺的镇痛水平最低，镇痛时间最短（大鼠和小鼠均为1至2小时）。丁丙诺啡的镇痛效果中等，持续时间最长（大鼠为6至8小时，小鼠为3至5小时）。根据我们的研究结果，我们建议对于重度疼痛使用吗啡（需频繁重新给药），对于短时间的轻度疼痛使用布托啡诺，对于持续时间较长的轻度至中度疼痛使用丁丙诺啡。我们的研究建议的给药间隔为：大鼠和小鼠使用吗啡时均为2至3小时，大鼠和小鼠使用布托啡诺时均为1至2小时；大鼠使用丁丙诺啡时为6至8小时，小鼠使用丁丙诺啡时为3至5小时。
