大豆异黄酮的饮食效应及其对商品肉鸡生长性能和胴体品质的影响

Dietary effects of soy isoflavones on growth and carcass traits of commercial broilers.

作者信息

Payne R L, Bidner T D, Southern L L, Mcmillin K W

机构信息

Department of Animal Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803, USA.

出版信息

Poult Sci. 2001 Aug;80(8):1201-7. doi: 10.1093/ps/80.8.1201.

DOI:10.1093/ps/80.8.1201

PMID:11495473

Abstract

Three experiments (EXP) were conducted to determine the effect of soy isoflavones (ISF) on growth and carcass traits of commercial broilers. The EXP were conducted simultaneously and a common control was used. In each EXP, treatments were replicated five times with five chicks each. Average initial and final BW were 102 and 2,890 g, 102 and 2,657 g, and 102 and 2,803 g for EXP 1,2, and 3, respectively, and the EXP were conducted from 9 to 52 d posthatching. In EXP 1, the effects of graded levels of supplemental ISF above those typically found in a corn-soybean meal (C-SBM) diet were studied. The treatments were 1) C-SBM, 2) C-SBM + ISF levels two times those in C-SBM (2x), and 3) C-SBM + ISF levels five times those in C-SBM (5x). The 2x and 5x levels of ISF decreased gain:feed (linear, P < 0.04) but increased (P < 0.04) breast weight compared with the C-SBM diet. Other performance and carcass traits were not affected (P > 0.05) by treatment. In EXP 2, the effects of low ISF levels in a C-soy protein concentrate (C-SPC) diet were studied. The treatments were 1) C-SBM, 2) C-SPC (low ISF), and 3) C-SPC + ISF (ISF levels equal to those in C-SBM). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were decreased (16 and 9%, respectively; P < 0.01) in chicks fed the C-SPC diets, regardless of ISF level. Gain:feed of chicks fed the C-SPC + ISF diet was decreased 9% (P < 0.02) compared with chicks fed the C-SBM diet, and gain:feed of chicks fed C-SPC was intermediate between the two. Carcass traits were not affected (P > 0.05) by treatment. In EXP 3, the effects of low ISF levels in a low CP diet were studied. The treatments were 1) C-SBM, 2) low CP (17,14, and 12% in the starter, growing, and finishing diets, respectively) with supplemental crystalline amino acids (low CP-AA), and 3) low CP-AA + ISF (ISF levels equal to C-SBM). Daily gain and gain:feed were decreased from 7 to 9% (P < 0.01) in chicks fed the low CP-AA and low CP-AA + ISF diet relative to those fed the C-SBM diet. Abdominal fat pad percentage was increased (P < 0.01) in chicks fed the low CP-AA diets compared with those fed the C-SBM diet. Dietary ISF can affect ADG and ADFI and may affect carcass traits in some instances.

摘要

进行了三项试验（EXP）以确定大豆异黄酮（ISF）对商品肉鸡生长和胴体性状的影响。试验同时进行，并采用了共同对照。在每项试验中，处理重复5次，每次5只雏鸡。试验1、2和3的平均初始体重和最终体重分别为102克和2890克、102克和2657克、102克和2803克，试验从孵化后第9天至52天进行。在试验1中，研究了在玉米-豆粕（C-SBM）日粮基础上添加不同水平ISF的影响。处理组分别为：1）C-SBM；2）C-SBM + ISF水平为C-SBM中两倍（2x）；3）C-SBM + ISF水平为C-SBM中五倍（5x）。与C-SBM日粮相比，2x和5x水平的ISF降低了料重比（线性关系，P < 0.04），但增加了胸肌重量（P < 0.04）。其他生产性能和胴体性状不受处理影响（P > 0.05）。在试验2中，研究了C-大豆浓缩蛋白（C-SPC）日粮中低水平ISF的影响。处理组分别为：1）C-SBM；2）C-SPC（低ISF）；3）C-SPC + ISF（ISF水平与C-SBM相同）。无论ISF水平如何，饲喂C-SPC日粮的雏鸡平均日增重（ADG）和平均日采食量（ADFI）均降低（分别降低16%和9%；P < 0.01）。与饲喂C-SBM日粮的雏鸡相比，饲喂C-SPC + ISF日粮的雏鸡料重比降低了9%（P < 0.02），饲喂C-SPC日粮的雏鸡料重比介于两者之间。胴体性状不受处理影响（P > 0.05）。在试验3中，研究了低蛋白日粮中低水平ISF的影响。处理组分别为：1）C-SBM；2）低蛋白日粮（开食料、生长料和育肥料中粗蛋白分别为17%、14%和12%）并添加晶体氨基酸（低蛋白-氨基酸）；3）低蛋白-氨基酸 + ISF（ISF水平与C-SBM相同）。与饲喂C-SBM日粮的雏鸡相比，饲喂低蛋白-氨基酸和低蛋白-氨基酸 + ISF日粮的雏鸡日增重和料重比降低了7%至9%（P < 0.01）。与饲喂C-SBM日粮的雏鸡相比，饲喂低蛋白-氨基酸日粮的雏鸡腹部脂肪垫百分比增加（P < 0.01）。日粮ISF可影响ADG和ADFI，在某些情况下可能影响胴体性状。