Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100081, China.
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China.
Animal. 2020 Nov;14(11):2262-2270. doi: 10.1017/S1751731120001123. Epub 2020 Jun 5.
Soybean meal is rich in soybean isoflavones, which exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anticancer functions in humans and animals. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of soybean isoflavones on the growth performance, intestinal morphology and antioxidative properties in pigs. A total of 72 weaned piglets (7.45 ± 0.13 kg; 36 males and 36 females) were allocated into three treatments and fed corn-soybean meal (C-SBM), corn-soy protein concentrate (C-SPC) or C-SPC supplemented with equal levels of the isoflavones found in the C-SBM diet (C-SPC + ISF) for a 72-day trial. Each treatment had six replicates and four piglets per replicate, half male and half female. On day 42, one male pig from each replicate was selected and euthanized to collect intestinal samples. The results showed that compared to pigs fed the C-SPC diet, pigs fed the C-SBM and C-SPC + ISF diets had higher BW on day 72 (P < 0.05); pigs fed the C-SBM diet had significantly higher average daily gain (ADG) during days 14 to 28 (P < 0.05), with C-SPC + ISF being intermediate; pigs fed the C-SBM diet tended to have higher ADG during days 42 to 72 (P = 0.063), while pigs fed the C-SPC + ISF diet had significantly higher ADG during days 42 to 72 (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared to pigs fed the C-SPC diet, pigs fed the C-SBM diet tended to have greater villus height (P = 0.092), while pigs fed the C-SPC + ISF diet had significantly greater villus height (P < 0.05); pigs fed the C-SBM and C-SPC + ISF diets had significantly increased villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (P < 0.05). Compared with the C-SPC diet, dietary C-SPC + ISF tended to increase plasma superoxide dismutase activity on days 28 (P = 0.085) and 42 (P = 0.075) and reduce plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) content on day 42 (P = 0.089), as well as significantly decreased jejunal mucosa MDA content on day 42 (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference in the expression of tight junction genes among the three groups was found (P > 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that a long-term exposure to soybean isoflavones enhances the growth performance, protects the intestinal morphology and improves the antioxidative properties in pigs.
豆粕富含大豆异黄酮，具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗病毒和抗癌作用，在人和动物中都有体现。本研究旨在探究大豆异黄酮对猪生长性能、肠道形态和抗氧化性能的影响。选用 72 头 7.45±0.13kg 的断奶仔猪（36 公 36 母），随机分为 3 个处理组，分别饲喂玉米-豆粕（C-SBM）、玉米-大豆浓缩蛋白（C-SPC）和 C-SPC 添加与 C-SBM 日粮等量的大豆异黄酮（C-SPC+ISF），试验期为 72 天。每个处理组设 6 个重复，每个重复 4 头猪，公母各半。在第 42 天，每个重复选择 1 头公猪进行安乐死，以采集肠道样本。结果表明：与饲喂 C-SPC 日粮的猪相比，饲喂 C-SBM 和 C-SPC+ISF 日粮的猪在第 72 天的 BW 更高（P＜0.05）；饲喂 C-SBM 日粮的猪在第 14-28 天的 ADG 更高（P＜0.05），而 C-SPC+ISF 组则处于中间水平；饲喂 C-SBM 日粮的猪在第 42-72 天的 ADG 呈升高趋势（P=0.063），而饲喂 C-SPC+ISF 日粮的猪在第 42-72 天的 ADG 更高（P＜0.05）。此外，与饲喂 C-SPC 日粮的猪相比，饲喂 C-SBM 日粮的猪的绒毛高度更高（P=0.092），而饲喂 C-SPC+ISF 日粮的猪的绒毛高度显著更高（P＜0.05）；饲喂 C-SBM 和 C-SPC+ISF 日粮的猪的绒毛高度-隐窝深度比值显著增加（P＜0.05）。与 C-SPC 日粮相比，日粮 C-SPC+ISF 可在第 28 天（P=0.085）和第 42 天（P=0.075）时提高血浆超氧化物歧化酶活性，在第 42 天降低血浆丙二醛（MDA）含量（P=0.089），且在第 42 天显著降低空肠黏膜 MDA 含量（P＜0.05）。然而，3 组间紧密连接基因的表达没有显著差异（P＞0.05）。综上，本研究表明，长期暴露于大豆异黄酮可提高猪的生长性能，保护肠道形态，改善抗氧化性能。
