Rochester Johanna R, Klasing Kirk C, Stevenson Lindsay, Denison Michael S, Berry Wallace, Millam James R
Department of Animal Science, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
Reprod Toxicol. 2009 Jan;27(1):63-71. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.11.056. Epub 2008 Dec 3.
To determine whether drought-stress alters phytoestrogens in red clover and whether red clover in the diet influences sexual development in Japanese quail, we fed chicks diets containing irrigated or non-irrigated clover. Irrigation altered phytoestrogenic activity of red clover (determined using an in vitro bioassay), with extracts of irrigated clover diet containing more estrogenic activity than extracts of non-irrigated clover diet. Chick growth was negatively correlated with the amount of irrigated or non-irrigated clover in the diet. Dietary red clover also depressed both absolute and relative gonad weights; however, relative oviduct weight was increased by the irrigated diet. Diets did not affect serum vitellogenin. These results reveal a negative influence of drought-stress on phytoestrogenic potency of clover, and that red clover in the diet can inhibit avian growth and development independent of irrigation state. Thus, phytoestrogens may affect reproductive development in wild birds, and environmental stressors may influence levels of phytoestrogens in the field.
为了确定干旱胁迫是否会改变红三叶草中的植物雌激素，以及日粮中的红三叶草是否会影响日本鹌鹑的性发育，我们给雏鸡饲喂含有灌溉或未灌溉三叶草的日粮。灌溉改变了红三叶草的植物雌激素活性（通过体外生物测定法测定），与未灌溉三叶草日粮提取物相比，灌溉三叶草日粮提取物含有更多的雌激素活性。雏鸡生长与日粮中灌溉或未灌溉三叶草的量呈负相关。日粮中的红三叶草也降低了绝对和相对性腺重量；然而，灌溉日粮增加了相对输卵管重量。日粮对血清卵黄蛋白原没有影响。这些结果揭示了干旱胁迫对三叶草植物雌激素效力的负面影响，并且日粮中的红三叶草可独立于灌溉状态抑制禽类生长和发育。因此，植物雌激素可能影响野生鸟类的生殖发育，并且环境应激源可能影响田间植物雌激素水平。
