儿童的风险认知以及家长对儿童赋予户外活动的风险水平的看法。

Department of Community Medicine, The Medical School, Ahwaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran.

Saudi Med J. 2000 May;21(5):455-60.

OBJECTIVE

Higher rates of outdoor injuries are found in older children, boys and children from more deprived areas. Some of the causes of these variations have been studied in some age groups and in different situations. To study children's perception of safety and danger and parents' views on the level of risk that their children attach to outdoor activities comparing age groups, boys and girls, and the less economically well off with the better off in order to understand outdoor accidental injuries.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study, obtained information from children aged 7 and 9 (n=471) and their parents (n=416) were living in Newcastle upon Tyne by self-completed questionnaires. Nine schools in different socio-economic areas were selected. Children were asked to paste different stickers on to the pictures in the classrooms. The parents' questionnaires were delivered by children and then returned to school after completion. The deprivation of an individual was accessed by Z-score of the households.

RESULTS

Older children compared to younger ones, boys versus girls and more economically deprived children compared to less deprived children had less perception of the dangers of outdoor activities. For example, older children compared to younger ones were more likely to perceive crossing a busy road with their friends (38.0% vs. 26.4%, P=0.007) as being safe. Boys compared to girls were more likely to perceive climbing wall (31.5% vs. 13.2%, P<0.001) as being safe. More economically deprived children were more likely to perceive cycling without a helmet (25.8% vs. 11.2%, P<0.001) as being safe than less economically deprived children.

CONCLUSION

These findings may partly explain the higher rate of accidental injuries among older children, boys and more deprived children. The results may inform how education of primary schoolchildren about dealing with activities such as crossing a busy road, climbing walls and playing in street and how parents should be conscious of their children's outdoor activities.

目的

研究发现年龄较大的儿童、男孩以及来自贫困地区的儿童户外受伤率更高。在一些年龄组和不同情况下，已对这些差异的部分原因进行了研究。为了了解户外意外伤害情况，比较不同年龄组、男孩和女孩以及经济条件较差与较好的儿童对安全和危险的认知以及家长对其子女户外活动风险水平的看法。

方法

一项横断面研究，通过自填问卷从居住在泰恩河畔纽卡斯尔的7岁和9岁儿童（n = 471）及其父母（n = 416）那里获取信息。选取了不同社会经济区域的9所学校。要求儿童在教室的图片上粘贴不同的贴纸。家长问卷由儿童发放，完成后再返回学校。通过家庭的Z分数来评估个人的贫困程度。

结果

与年龄较小的儿童相比，年龄较大的儿童、男孩与女孩相比以及经济条件较差的儿童与经济条件较好的儿童相比，对户外活动危险的认知较少。例如，与年龄较小的儿童相比，年龄较大的儿童更有可能认为与朋友一起穿过繁忙道路是安全的（38.0%对26.4%，P = 0.007）。与女孩相比，男孩更有可能认为攀爬墙壁是安全的（31.5%对13.2%，P < 0.001）。与经济条件较好的儿童相比，经济条件较差的儿童更有可能认为不戴头盔骑自行车是安全的（25.8%对11.2%，P < 0.001）。