Caplan R, Guthrie D, Tang B, Nuechterlein K H, Asarnow R E
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001 Aug;40(8):965-72. doi: 10.1097/00004583-200108000-00019.
This study compared thought disorder and associated cognitive variables in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and schizophrenia.
Speech samples of 115 ADHD, 88 schizophrenic, and 190 normal children, aged 8 to 15 years, were coded for thought disorder. A structured psychiatric interview, the WISC-R, the Continuous Performance Test, and the Span of Apprehension task were administered to each child.
The ADHD and schizophrenic groups had thought disorder compared with the normal children. However, the subjects with ADHD had a narrower range of less severe thought disorder than did the schizophrenic subjects. The younger children with ADHD and schizophrenia had significantly more thought disorder than did the older children with these diagnoses. IQ, attention, and working memory were associated with thought disorder in the ADHD but not the schizophrenic group.
Thought disorder in childhood is not specific to schizophrenia and reflects impaired development of children's communication skills.
本研究比较了注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和精神分裂症患者的思维紊乱及相关认知变量。
对115名8至15岁的ADHD儿童、88名精神分裂症儿童和190名正常儿童的言语样本进行思维紊乱编码。对每个儿童进行结构化精神科访谈、韦氏儿童智力量表修订版（WISC-R）、连续性能测试和领悟广度任务。
与正常儿童相比，ADHD组和精神分裂症组存在思维紊乱。然而，ADHD患者的思维紊乱范围比精神分裂症患者更窄且严重程度更低。患有ADHD和精神分裂症的年幼儿童比患有这些疾病的年长儿童有更明显的思维紊乱。智商、注意力和工作记忆在ADHD组与思维紊乱相关，但在精神分裂症组不相关。
儿童期的思维紊乱并非精神分裂症所特有，反映了儿童沟通技能发展受损。
