Haulena M, Gulland F M
The Marine Mammal Center, Marin Headlands, Sausalito, California 94965, USA.
J Wildl Dis. 2001 Jul;37(3):566-73. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-37.3.566.
From June 1998 to August 1999, 39 California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) were immobilized at a rehabilitation center in northern California (USA) using medetomidine plus zolazepam and tiletamine (MZT), alone and in combination with isoflurane, with atipamezole reversal. Animals were given 70 microg/kg medetomidine with 1 mg/kg of a 1:1 solution of tiletamine and zolazepam intramuscularly. Mean (+/-SD) time to maximal effect was 5+/-3 min. At the end of the procedure, animals were given 200 microg/kg atipamezole intramuscularly. Immobilization and recovery times were, respectively, 28+/-18 and 9+/-7 min for 15 animals maintained with MZT alone and 56+/-47 and 9+/-6 min for 18 animals intubated and maintained with isoflurane. One mortality occurred during anesthesia. Other disadvantages of the MZT combination included some prolonged ataxia, weakness and disorientation during recovery. However, the use of MZT resulted in faster induction and a more reliable plane of anesthesia that was reversible with atipamezole and safer than other previously used intramuscular agents. Physiological parameters including heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, pulse oximeter saturation, and end-tidal carbon dioxide were monitored.
1998年6月至1999年8月期间，39只加利福尼亚海狮（Zalophus californianus）在美国加利福尼亚州北部的一个康复中心接受麻醉，使用美托咪定加唑拉西泮和替来他明（MZT），单独使用以及与异氟烷联合使用，并使用阿替美唑进行苏醒。给动物肌肉注射70微克/千克美托咪定和1毫克/千克的替来他明与唑拉西泮1:1混合溶液。达到最大效果的平均（±标准差）时间为5±3分钟。在手术结束时，给动物肌肉注射200微克/千克阿替美唑。仅使用MZT维持麻醉的15只动物的麻醉和苏醒时间分别为28±18分钟和9±7分钟，而18只插管并使用异氟烷维持麻醉的动物的麻醉和苏醒时间分别为56±47分钟和9±6分钟。麻醉期间发生了1例死亡。MZT联合用药的其他缺点包括苏醒期间出现一些共济失调、虚弱和定向障碍延长。然而，使用MZT可导致更快的诱导和更可靠的麻醉平面，可通过阿替美唑逆转，且比其他先前使用的肌肉注射药物更安全。监测了包括心率、呼吸频率、体温、脉搏血氧饱和度和呼气末二氧化碳在内的生理参数。
