Williams D G
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1979 Aug 8;64(2):231-5. doi: 10.1007/BF00496068.
On each of 4 days after abstaining from cigarettes and other psychoactive materials for at least 10 h, 48 male cigarette smokers reported their mood before smoking the first cigarette of the day. Smokers were classified both by relative desire for smoking in situations inducive of high arousal or low arousal and by average daily consumption. Greater relative desire for smoking in high-arousal situations was associated with an abstinence syndrome of dysphoria. Compared to smokers with low consumption, medium-heavy smokers showed higher levels of tension-anxiety and were less deactivated while at the same time they were more fatigued and sleepy, indicating different relationships with different components of multifactorial arousal. Effects related to levels of cigarette consumption may have been confounded by tea/coffee withdrawal, however, abstinence states disappeared on smoking.
在至少10小时不吸烟及其他精神活性物质后的4天里，48名男性吸烟者报告了他们在吸当天第一支烟之前的情绪。吸烟者根据在高唤醒或低唤醒情境下对吸烟的相对渴望程度以及日均吸烟量进行分类。在高唤醒情境下对吸烟的相对渴望程度更高与烦躁不安的戒断综合征有关。与低吸烟量的吸烟者相比，中度至重度吸烟者表现出更高水平的紧张焦虑，且不易放松，同时他们更疲劳、困倦，这表明与多因素唤醒的不同组成部分存在不同关系。然而，与吸烟量相关的影响可能因茶/咖啡戒断而混淆，不过，吸烟后戒断状态消失。
