Buckner Julia D, Farris Samantha G, Zvolensky Michael J, Shah Sonia M, Leventhal Adam M, Minnix Jennifer A, Schmidt Norman B
Louisiana State University , LA .
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2015 Jan;41(1):45-51. doi: 10.3109/00952990.2014.927472. Epub 2014 Nov 14.
Emerging data suggest that dysphoria is one facet of depression that is especially related to various aspects of cigarette smoking. However, it is presently unknown what emotional processes may account for these relations.
In the current cross-sectional study, the impact of avoidance and inflexibility to smoking (AIS), a smoking-specific form of experiential avoidance, was tested on the relationship of dysphoria to four specific smoking processes that are key factors in cessation: perceived barriers to cessation, severity of problems during prior quit attempts, negative reinforcement smoking expectancies, and motivation to quit smoking.
Participants (n = 465) were treatment-seeking adult daily smokers. Relative indirect effects were subjected to bootstrap analyses to test direct and indirect effects of dysphoria on smoking processes.
After controlling for gender, nicotine dependence severity, drinking problems, cannabis use, negative affectivity, tobacco-related medical problems, and AIS, dysphoria remained directly, positively related to perceived barriers and cessation problems. Additionally, dysphoria was indirectly, positively related to perceived barriers, cessation problems, negative reinforcement smoking expectancies, and motivation to quit indirectly through higher levels of AIS.
In the context of dysphoria, AIS may explain a wide range of clinically-relevant smoking processes.
新出现的数据表明，烦躁不安是抑郁症的一个方面，与吸烟的各个方面尤其相关。然而，目前尚不清楚哪些情绪过程可能解释这些关系。
在当前的横断面研究中，测试了对吸烟的回避和僵化（AIS）（一种吸烟特异性的经验性回避形式）对烦躁不安与戒烟的四个关键特定吸烟过程之间关系的影响，这四个过程分别是：感知到的戒烟障碍、之前戒烟尝试期间的问题严重程度、负强化吸烟预期以及戒烟动机。
参与者（n = 465）为寻求治疗的成年每日吸烟者。对相对间接效应进行了自抽样分析，以测试烦躁不安对吸烟过程的直接和间接影响。
在控制了性别、尼古丁依赖严重程度、饮酒问题、大麻使用、消极情感、烟草相关医疗问题和AIS后，烦躁不安仍与感知到的障碍和戒烟问题直接呈正相关。此外，烦躁不安通过更高水平的AIS与感知到的障碍、戒烟问题、负强化吸烟预期以及戒烟动机间接呈正相关。
在烦躁不安的背景下，AIS可能解释一系列临床相关的吸烟过程。
