Egeland G M, Meyer H E, Selmer R, Tverdal A, Vollset S E
National Health Screening Service, Research Department, P.O. Box 8155, 0033 Oslo, Norway.
Int J Circumpolar Health. 2001 Apr;60(2):143-9.
It has been hypothesized that omega-3 fatty acid consumption may lessen the adverse effect of smoking on coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Thus, we explored whether cod liver oil consumption was protective of coronary heart disease in a cohort of men and women participating in a cardiovascular disease screening in Norway. The study population was aged 35-54 at the time of the baseline screening conducted by the National Health Screening Service of Norway in 1977-1983. Of 56,718 age-eligible men and women, 52,138 participated, of whom 42,612 (82%) completed a dietary questionnaire. Cod liver oil use was reported by 12.5%. At baseline, cod liver oil users had lower triglycerides, adjusting for age, body mass index, time since last meal and income (p < or = .05). As of December 1992, 639 and 118 CHD deaths were observed among the men and women, respectively. Overall, we observed no effect of cod liver oil consumption reported at baseline and CHD mortality in Cox Proportional Hazards analyses [Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.0 (0.8-1.3)]. In analyses, stratified by smoking status, never smokers and current smokers showed non-significant beneficial associations between cod liver oil use and CHD mortality (HR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.4-1.5; and HR = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.6-1.2, respectively). However, among former smokers a non-significant excess risk of CHD mortality was associated with cod liver oil use (HR = 1.6, 95% CI = 0.9-2.6). Smokers, regardless of their cod liver oil use were at a substantially higher risk for CHD mortality relative to non-smokers. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, as practiced in this cohort, provided no significant benefits to CHD risk among study participants.
有人提出，摄入ω-3脂肪酸可能会减轻吸烟对冠心病（CHD）风险的不利影响。因此，我们在挪威一组参与心血管疾病筛查的男性和女性中，探讨了食用鱼肝油是否对冠心病具有保护作用。该研究人群在1977 - 1983年由挪威国家健康筛查服务机构进行基线筛查时年龄为35 - 54岁。在56718名符合年龄条件的男性和女性中，52138人参与了研究，其中42612人（82%）完成了饮食问卷。报告使用鱼肝油的比例为12.5%。在基线时，调整年龄、体重指数、距上次用餐时间和收入后，鱼肝油使用者的甘油三酯水平较低（p≤0.05）。截至1992年12月，男性和女性中分别观察到639例和118例冠心病死亡病例。总体而言，在Cox比例风险分析中，我们未观察到基线时报告的鱼肝油摄入量与冠心病死亡率之间存在影响[风险比（HR）= 1.0（0.8 - 1.3）]。在按吸烟状况分层的分析中，从不吸烟者和当前吸烟者显示，鱼肝油使用与冠心病死亡率之间存在无显著意义的有益关联（HR分别为0.7，95%置信区间= 0.4 - 1.5；以及HR = 0.8，95%置信区间= 0.6 - 1.2）。然而，在既往吸烟者中，鱼肝油使用与冠心病死亡率存在无显著意义的额外风险相关（HR = 1.6，95%置信区间= 0.9 - 2.6）。无论是否使用鱼肝油，吸烟者相对于非吸烟者患冠心病死亡的风险都显著更高。在该队列中所实施的ω-3脂肪酸补充，对研究参与者的冠心病风险没有显著益处。
