Stene Lars C, Joner Geir
Diabetes Research Centre, Aker and Ullevål University Hospitals, Department of Paediatrics, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Dec;78(6):1128-34. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/78.6.1128.
In Norway, cod liver oil is an important source of dietary vitamin D and the long-chain n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, all of which have biological properties of potential relevance for the prevention of type 1 diabetes.
The main objective was to investigate whether the use of dietary cod liver oil or other vitamin D supplements, either by the mother during pregnancy or by the child during the first year of life, is associated with a lower risk of type 1 diabetes among children.
We designed a nationwide case-control study in Norway with 545 cases of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes and 1668 population control subjects. Families were contacted by mail, and they completed a questionnaire on the frequency of use of cod liver oil and other vitamin D supplements and other relevant factors.
Use of cod liver oil in the first year of life was associated with a significantly lower risk of type 1 diabetes (adjusted odds ratio: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.99). Use of other vitamin D supplements during the first year of life and maternal use of cod liver oil or other vitamin D supplements during pregnancy were not associated with type 1 diabetes.
Cod liver oil may reduce the risk of type 1 diabetes, perhaps through the antiinflammatory effects of long-chain n-3 fatty acids.
在挪威，鱼肝油是膳食中维生素D以及长链n-3脂肪酸二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的重要来源，所有这些都具有与预防1型糖尿病潜在相关的生物学特性。
主要目的是调查孕期母亲或孩子出生后第一年使用膳食鱼肝油或其他维生素D补充剂是否与儿童患1型糖尿病的风险降低有关。
我们在挪威设计了一项全国性病例对照研究，有545例儿童期发病的1型糖尿病病例和1668名人群对照。通过邮件联系家庭，他们填写了一份关于鱼肝油和其他维生素D补充剂使用频率及其他相关因素的问卷。
出生后第一年使用鱼肝油与1型糖尿病风险显著降低相关（调整后的优势比：0.74；95%可信区间：0.56，0.99）。出生后第一年使用其他维生素D补充剂以及孕期母亲使用鱼肝油或其他维生素D补充剂与1型糖尿病无关。
鱼肝油可能降低1型糖尿病风险，或许是通过长链n-3脂肪酸的抗炎作用。
