Murray J B
Psychology Department, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA.
Psychol Rep. 2001 Jun;88(3 Pt 1):895-902. doi: 10.2466/pr0.2001.88.3.895.
Ecstasy, a dangerous psychoactive drug, has become a popular recreational drug on college campuses and dance halls in the United States, United Kingdom, and around the world. No reports on ecstasy have shown addictiveness, and some users of ecstasy claim they prefer infrequent use which is not the usual addictive pattern. Jaw clenching, bruxism, and some cardiac arrhythmias requiring medical attention have been associated with consumption of ecstasy and some fatalities. In large scale retrospective questionnaire studies of subjective experiences users claimed that they felt a gentle relaxation and openness to others and few adversive effects. In rats and monkeys ecstasy has caused depletion of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain but similar effects have not been identified for humans. Case reports have shown panic attacks, flashbacks, paranoia, and even fatalities. The Drug Enforcement Administration in 1985 placed ecstasy in Schedule I, the most restrictive drug category.
摇头丸是一种危险的精神活性药物，在美国、英国及世界各地的大学校园和舞厅已成为一种流行的消遣性毒品。尚无关于摇头丸成瘾性的报道，一些摇头丸使用者声称他们更喜欢偶尔使用，这并非常见的成瘾模式。牙关紧闭、磨牙症以及一些需要医疗关注的心律失常与摇头丸的使用有关，甚至还出现了一些死亡案例。在大规模回顾性问卷调查研究中，使用者称他们主观感觉有适度放松，对他人更加开放，且几乎没有不良反应。在大鼠和猴子身上，摇头丸已导致大脑中神经递质血清素的消耗，但尚未确定对人类有类似影响。病例报告显示出现过惊恐发作、闪回、妄想症，甚至死亡。1985年，美国缉毒局将摇头丸列为第一类管制药物，这是限制最为严格的药物类别。
