Filipponi A, Di Cicco A, De Panfilis S, Trapananti A, Itiè J P, Borowski M, Ansell S
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università dell' Aquila Via Vetoio, Italy.
J Synchrotron Radiat. 2001 Mar 1;8(Pt 2):81-6. doi: 10.1107/s0909049500019300.
Novel techniques and the experimental station for experiments on condensed matter under extreme conditions that have been developed at the BM29 beamline of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) are described. The experimental setup includes facilities to collect high-quality extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra, to perform controlled temperature scans while monitoring the sample absorption for the direct detection of phase transitions, and to collect high-resolution energy-scanning X-ray diffraction (ESXD) data, with recent enhancements through the installation of a two-channel collimator detector system. Facilities for X-ray absorption temperature scans, introduced five years ago, are now exploited for a wide variety of purposes. A method for the measurement of the nucleation rate in undercooled liquids has been proposed recently. All these advances in the experimental setup and techniques, combined with a simple but rigorous X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) data analysis scheme for disordered matter, have contributed to make feasible challenging experiments on undercooled liquid matter that were not even conceivable only a few years ago. An example of the application of these methods to undercooled liquid indium (In) is presented.
介绍了在欧洲同步辐射装置（ESRF）的BM29光束线上开发的用于极端条件下凝聚态物质实验的新技术和实验站。实验装置包括用于收集高质量扩展X射线吸收精细结构（EXAFS）光谱的设施、在监测样品吸收以直接检测相变的同时进行控温扫描的设施，以及用于收集高分辨率能量扫描X射线衍射（ESXD）数据的设施，最近通过安装双通道准直器探测器系统得到了改进。五年前引入的X射线吸收温度扫描设施现在有了广泛的用途。最近提出了一种测量过冷液体中成核速率的方法。实验装置和技术的所有这些进展，再加上一种针对无序物质的简单而严谨的X射线吸收精细结构（XAFS）数据分析方案，使得几年前甚至无法想象的过冷液态物质挑战性实验变得可行。给出了这些方法在过冷液态铟（In）上的应用实例。
