Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Biodiversity, Biotechnologies and Climate Change (LR11/ES09), University of Tunis El-Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sousse, The Higher Institute of Agronomic Sciences of Chott-Mariem, 4042, Chott-Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia.
Mol Biol Rep. 2021 Apr;48(4):3185-3193. doi: 10.1007/s11033-021-06385-y. Epub 2021 May 11.
Genetic diversity and differences among durum-wheat cultivars evolved in various regions of the world are important for sustainable production in the current climate change scenario. Information regarding genetic differences was also important for the correct choice of parental material for the selection of high quality cultivars. Two elite and six obsolete cultivars of durum-wheat were characterized with 25-simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. All accessions were evaluated for 2-agronomic-traits (Yield (Y) and Thousand-Kernel-Weight (TKW)) and 11 grain quality-traits (grain protein content (GPC), grain moisture contents (H), carotene content (CT), sedimentation test (SDS), gluten content (GC), gluten index (GI), semolina color index (L*, a*, b*) and alveographic parameters (W and P/L)) under randomized complete block design with three replication for two crop seasons (2015-2017). Genetic characterization through SSR markers revealed 126 alleles with an average of 5.04 alleles locus-1 and had average 0.79 polymorphism information content (PIC). The comparisons revealed that elite accessions were more productive in terms of grain yield and TKW, whereas obsolete accessions showed high GPC and end-use quality-traits. The generated dendrogram based on SSR markers, agronomic, seed quality-traits clearly differentiate the genotypes in two main groups obsolete and elite accessions. Analysis of correlation revealed a significant association between the traits TKW, Y, b*, a*, GPC, GC, SDS and H. High genetic diversity found between elite and obsolete cultivars for parameters such as yield, end-use quality and their correlation with SSR markers could help breeders for an eventual breeding program on durum-wheat.
遗传多样性和世界各地不同地区育成的硬质小麦品种之间的差异对于当前气候变化情景下的可持续生产非常重要。有关遗传差异的信息对于正确选择亲本材料以选择高质量品种也很重要。使用 25 个简单序列重复 (SSR) 标记对 2 个优质和 6 个过时的硬质小麦品种进行了特征描述。所有品种均根据随机完全区组设计进行了 2 个农艺性状（产量 (Y) 和千粒重 (TKW)) 和 11 个籽粒品质性状（籽粒蛋白含量 (GPC)、籽粒水分含量 (H)、类胡萝卜素含量 (CT)、沉降试验 (SDS)、面筋含量 (GC)、面筋指数 (GI)、粗粉颜色指数 (L*、a*、b*)和粉质仪参数 (W 和 P/L)) 的评估，每个性状均进行了 3 次重复，共进行了两个作物季节 (2015-2017 年)。通过 SSR 标记进行的遗传特征分析显示，平均每个位点有 126 个等位基因，5.04 个等位基因，平均多态性信息含量 (PIC) 为 0.79。比较结果表明，优质品种在籽粒产量和 TKW 方面更具生产力，而过时品种则表现出较高的 GPC 和终端用途品质性状。基于 SSR 标记、农艺性状和种子品质性状生成的聚类图清楚地区分了两个主要组别的基因型，即过时品种和优质品种。相关性分析表明，TKW、Y、b*、a*、GPC、GC、SDS 和 H 之间存在显著关联。优质品种和过时品种之间的遗传多样性很高，产量、终端用途品质及其与 SSR 标记的相关性可为硬质小麦的最终选育计划提供帮助。
