Steinberg E B, Greene K D, Bopp C A, Cameron D N, Wells J G, Mintz E D
Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
J Infect Dis. 2001 Sep 15;184(6):799-802. doi: 10.1086/322989. Epub 2001 Aug 7.
To evaluate recent trends in cholera in the United States, surveillance data from all cases of laboratory-confirmed toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 infection reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between 1995 and 2000 were reviewed. Sixty-one cases of cholera, all caused by V. cholerae O1, were reported. There was 1 death, and 35 (57%) of the patients were hospitalized. Thirty-seven (61%) infections were acquired outside the United States; 14 (23%) were acquired through undercooked seafood consumed in the United States, 2 (3%) were acquired through sliced cantaloupe contaminated by an asymptomatically infected food handler, and no source was identified for 8 (13%) infections. The proportion of travel-associated infections resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, streptomycin, and furazolidone increased from 7 (8%) of 88 in 1990-1994 to 11 (31%) of 35 in 1995-2000. Foreign travel and undercooked seafood continue to account for most US cholera cases. Antimicrobial resistance has increased among V. cholerae O1 strains isolated from ill travelers.
为评估美国霍乱的近期趋势，我们回顾了1995年至2000年期间向疾病控制与预防中心报告的所有实验室确诊的产毒霍乱弧菌O1和O139感染病例的监测数据。共报告了61例霍乱病例，均由霍乱弧菌O1引起。有1例死亡，35名（57%）患者住院治疗。37例（61%）感染是在美国境外获得的；14例（23%）是通过在美国食用未煮熟的海鲜获得的，2例（3%）是通过一名无症状感染的食品处理人员污染的切块哈密瓜获得的，8例（13%）感染的感染源未查明。对甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺异恶唑、链霉素和呋喃唑酮耐药的与旅行相关的感染比例从1990 - 1994年88例中的7例（8%）增至1995 - 2000年35例中的11例（31%）。出国旅行和食用未煮熟的海鲜仍是美国大多数霍乱病例的病因。从患病旅行者中分离出的霍乱弧菌O1菌株的抗菌药物耐药性有所增加。
