Levy J, Pashler H
Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego 92093, USA.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2001 Aug;27(4):862-9.
When 2 tasks must be performed concurrently, each requiring a choice of response, dual-task slowing is typically found. However, E. H. Schumacher et al. (1997) reported that dual-task slowing can be eliminated when equal priority is assigned to each task. Experiment 1 largely confirmed this with the same tasks as Schumacher et al. (tasks using stimulus-response combinations of visual-manual and auditory-vocal pairings). Experiment 2 retained the equal-priority instructions but switched the task pairings (to visual-vocal and auditory-manual); substantial dual-task slowing occurred. Experiment 3 used the same two response sets but only a single stimulus; slowing was again obtained despite equal priority instructions. Equalizing task priority was not sufficient to eliminate interference; relatively unusual cases in which dual-task interference is eliminated seem to depend on task-specific features.
当必须同时执行两项任务，每项任务都需要做出反应选择时，通常会出现双任务减缓现象。然而，E. H. 舒马赫等人（1997年）报告称，当为每项任务分配同等优先级时，双任务减缓现象可以消除。实验1使用与舒马赫等人相同的任务（使用视觉-手动和听觉-发声配对的刺激-反应组合的任务），在很大程度上证实了这一点。实验2保留了同等优先级的指示，但切换了任务配对（变为视觉-发声和听觉-手动）；出现了显著的双任务减缓。实验3使用相同的两组反应，但只使用单一刺激；尽管有同等优先级的指示，减缓现象再次出现。使任务优先级相等不足以消除干扰；双任务干扰被消除的相对特殊情况似乎取决于任务的特定特征。
