Maren S
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1109, USA.
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2001;24:897-931. doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.897.
Learning the relationships between aversive events and the environmental stimuli that predict such events is essential to the survival of organisms throughout the animal kingdom. Pavlovian fear conditioning is an exemplar of this form of learning that is exhibited by both rats and humans. Recent years have seen an incredible surge in interest in the neurobiology of fear conditioning. Neural circuits underlying fear conditioning have been mapped, synaptic plasticity in these circuits has been identified, and biochemical and genetic manipulations are beginning to unravel the molecular machinery responsible for the storage of fear memories. These advances represent an important step in understanding the neural substrates of a rapidly acquired and adaptive form of associative learning and memory in mammals.
了解厌恶事件与预测此类事件的环境刺激之间的关系，对于整个动物界生物体的生存至关重要。巴甫洛夫式恐惧条件反射是这种学习形式的一个范例，大鼠和人类都会表现出这种学习形式。近年来，人们对恐惧条件反射的神经生物学兴趣激增。恐惧条件反射背后的神经回路已被绘制出来，这些回路中的突触可塑性已被确定，生化和基因操作也开始揭示负责恐惧记忆存储的分子机制。这些进展代表了在理解哺乳动物中一种快速习得且具有适应性的联想学习和记忆形式的神经基础方面迈出的重要一步。
